IPS1 - [Powders] - Packaging Of Powders

Proverbs 16:3

● Bulk powders

● Divided powders

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

Types of Powders according to Packaging Container [2]

Bulk Powders

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

These powders are LARGE quantities of powder dispensed in a single container.

● Wide-mouthed glass

● Perforated container

● Sifter can

● Aerosol container

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

Packaging containers for BULK POWDER [4]

● Oral powders

● Douche powders

● Dusting powders

● Dentifrices

● Insufflations

● Trituration

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

Types of Bulk Powders [6]

Oral Powders

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Supplied as finely divided powders or effervescent granules intended to be suspended or dissolved in water or mixed with soft foods.

Oral Powders

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Disadvantage: Undesirable taste of drugs

Undesirable taste of drugs

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

What is the disadvantage of oral powders?

Oral Powders

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

ANTACID or LAXATIVE powders, taken by mixing with water

● Antacid powders

● Laxative powders

● Oral Rehydration Salts (Hydrite)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Example of ORAL POWDERS [3]

Oral Rehydration Salts (Hydrite)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

First line of treatment for diarrhea

Douche Powders

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Powders dissolved in warm water prior to use as a cleansing agent or antiseptic for body cavity

Douche Powders

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Powders dissolved in WARM water to prepare solutions for VAGINAL use.

Tepid water

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Douche powders are dissolved in warm water. Warm water is also termed as _____ ?

Dusting Powders (Conspergent)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Fine MEDICATED or NON-MEDICATED powders applied externally to the skin to protect, absorb moisture, or relieve irritation.

Dusting Powders (Conspergent)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Powders that are LOCALLY applied NON-TOXIC; no systemic action.

Dusting Powders (Conspergent)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

These powders are dispensed in a very fine state to minimize irritation.

Dusting Powders (Conspergent)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

These powders are used as lubricants, protectives, absorbents, and anti-pruritic.

● Lubricants

● Protectives

● Absorbents

● Anti-pruritic

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Dusting Powders are used as ____ [4]

Conspergent powders

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Dusting Powders are also termed as ____ ?

Dentifrices

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

A substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surface of the teeth; generally containing a soap or detergent, mild abrasive, and anti-cariogenic agent (tending to prevent tooth decay)

Dentifrices

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

A substance generally containing:

● A soap or detergent

● Mild abrasive

● Anti-cariogenic agent (tending to prevent tooth decay)

● A soap or detergent

● Mild abrasive

● Anti-cariogenic agent (tending to prevent tooth decay)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Dentifrices generally contain ____ [3]

Anti-cariogenic agent

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Dentifrices generally contain _____ which is used to prevent tooth decay.

Insufflations

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Finely divided powders intended for application into BODY CAVITIES, such as the ears, nose, vagina, tooth socket, or throat.

● Ears

● Nose

● Vagina

● Tooth socket

● Throat

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Insufflations are finely divided powders intended for application into BODY CAVITIES, such as the ____ [5]

Bulb applicator (Insufflator)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Insufflations are used with ____, a device that blows the powder into the target cavity.

Trituration

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

These powders are dilutions of POTENT powdered drugs.

Trituration

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

These powders are prepared via GEOMETRIC DILUTION

Geometric Dilution

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Trituration powders are prepared via _____ ?

Trituration

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Example of these powders is ATROPINE + LACTOSE (Diluent)

Atropine + Lactose (Diluent)

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Example of TRITURATION powders [1]

Lactose

[TYPES OF BULK POWDERS]

Commonly used diluent in trituration of powders

Divided Powders

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

These powders are dispensed in the form of INDIVIDUAL DOSES and are generally dispensed in papers, properly folded.

Chartulae

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

What is the LATIN name of DIVIDED POWDERS?

● Individual weighing method

● Block and divide method

[PACKAGING OF POWDERS]

Methods of dividing powders include [2]

● Bond paper

● Vegetable parchment paper

● Glassine paper

● Wax paper

[DIVIDED POWDERS]

Types of paper for dividing powders [4]

Bond Paper

[TYPES OF PAPER FOR DIVIDED POWDERS]

• OPAQUE white paper

• has NO MOISTURE PROTECTION

Vegetable Parchment Paper

[TYPES OF PAPER FOR DIVIDED POWDERS]

• THIN, SEMI-OPAQUE paper with PARTIAL moisture resistance

Glassine paper

[TYPES OF PAPER FOR DIVIDED POWDERS]

• GLAZED, transparent, and with PARTIAL moisture protection

• offers NO PROTECTION FROM PHOTODEGRADATION

• can be used for VOLATILE substances

Glassine paper

[TYPES OF PAPER FOR DIVIDED POWDERS]

Aside from wax paper, this can also be used for VOLATILE substances.

Wax Paper

[TYPES OF PAPER FOR DIVIDED POWDERS]

• TRANSPARENT and WATERPROOF ( FULL MOISTURE PROTECTION)

• Ideal for hygroscopic, deliquescent, and volatile powders that easily absorb moisture.

Wax Paper

[TYPES OF PAPER FOR DIVIDED POWDERS]

Ideal for hygroscopic, deliquescent, and volatile drugs

Hygroscopic Powders

[POWDER INSTABILITY]

Powders that absorb moisture from the air but DO NOT LIQUIFY.

Deliquescent Powders

[POWDER INSTABILITY]

Powders that absorb moisture from the air to the extent that they will partially or wholly LIQUEFY.

Efflorescent Powders

[POWDER INSTABILITY]

Powders that lose water of crystallization upon exposure to air.

Volatile substances

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

____ substances (such as camphor, menthol, or essential oils) can be lost through evaporation (volatilization) after they are mixed with powders.

● Use of heat-sealed plastic bags

● Double wrapping with waxed or glassine paper inside of a white bond paper

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

Ways to protect volatile substances against evaporation/volatilization?

Liquids

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

____ are incorporated into divided powders in small amounts

Magnesium carbonate, starch or lactose can be added to increase absorbability of the powders by increasing the surface area

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

Ways to prevent the incorporation of liquids into powders

● Magnesium carbonate

● Starch

● Lactose

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

These are added to prevent the incorporation of liquids into powders. [3]

Hygroscopic and deliquescent substances

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

____ substances become moist because of their affinity to moisture in the air.

● Add inert diluents

● Use double wrapping

[PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN POWDER PREPARATION]

Ways to protect hygroscopic and deliquescent substances from air and moisture [2]

Polyox™ (polyethylene oxide)

An ETHYLENE OXIDE polymer with HIGH molecular weight. This forms ADHESIVE GEL when exposed to moisture.