para tuberculosis

Johne's disease or paratuberculosis is caused by _________

• subsp.paratuberculosis (also referred as _______).

• The disease causes chronic, contagious fatal _____, which can affect ______________.

• Mycobacterium avium

• Mycobacterium johnei

• enteritis

• cattle, sheep, goats, camels and wild ruminants

Note: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in humans is called as _______ (chronic enteritis in human).

• Crohn's disease

__________ are acid-fast organisms.

• They are short rods measuring 1-2um in width with rounded edges. They are _____ and does not form _____.

• On artificial media the organism tends to be in ________.

• Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

• motile

• spores

• shorter club form

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis requires ________ or other for growth.

• mycobactin - Killed extract of M.phelei

• killed acid-fast organism- enriched media

Slants of ______ with mycobactin are highly suitable for isolation of organism from specimens.

The slants are incubated at ________ at ______ and examined ______ for evidence of growth

• Herrold's egg yolk medium

• 370C for up to 16 weeks

• weekly

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

They produce minute ______ colonies, less than 1 mm ind.m., in ______ weeks. Isolates from sheep may be ________

• grayish white, friable, irregular

• 5-16

• pigmented

In para tuberculosis

The organism is shed in the __________ of infected animals.

• They remain viable in the environment for up to _____\ under suitable conditions.

• faeces, milk and semen

• one year

para tuberculosis

Calves under ______ of age are highly susceptible and they develop clinical disease than animals infected later in life.

• Infection is acquired mainly through ______.

• one month

• ingestion

para tuberculosis

The organism is an intracellular pathogen and cell mediated reactions are mainly responsible for the ______.

Ingested mycobacteria, engulfed by macrophages in which they survive and replicate, are found initially in ______

• enteric lesion

• Peyer's patches.

para tuberculosis

As the disease progresses, an immune mediated _____ develops, with marked ____________ and _____ in the lamina propria and submucosa.

• The resulting ________ leads to loss of plasma proteins and malabsorption of nutrients and water.

• granulomatous reaction

• lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation

• enteropathy

para tuberculosis

Clinical signs develop after prolonged subclinical phase of infection. Affected cattle are usually more than ______ of age when signs are first observed.

• In cattle, the disease is characterized by ________, initially _____, ______, and ______, but becoming persistent and profuse.

• 2 years

• diarrhoea

• intermittent, dark and semisolid

para tuberculosis

Progressive weight loss results without loss of appetite, leading to _______ and eventually death

The mortality rate may approach ______

• emaciation

• 100%.

para tuberculosis

Asymptomatic carrier cattle have an Increased incidence of _______ and _______

• In _____ and _____, the disease is clinically evident only in mature animals. The _______ is less marked and may be absent.

• mastitis and infertility

• sheep and goats

• diarrhoea

What is the characteristic lesion for para tuberculosis?

• Chronic catarrhal inflammation of the intestine is characteristic.

para tuberculosis

I n cattle, the mucosa of affected areas of the terminal small intestine and the large intestine is usually _______

thickened and folded into transverse corrugations

para tuberculosis

In cattle The mesenteric and ileocaecal lymph nodes are _____ and _____

Thickening of the intestinal mucosa is less marked in ______, and necrosis and caseation may be present in the _________

• enlarged and oedematous.

• sheep

• regional lymph nodes

What are the specimens from live animals to be collected for Para tuberculosis direct microscopy?

• scrapings/ pinch biopsies from the rectum

• Faeces for culture

What are the specimens from dead animals to be collected for Para tuberculosis? What are useful for histopathologylogy?

• tissues from affected region of the intestines and from regional lymph nodes are useful for histopathology

What are the diagnosis for para tuberculosis?

• microscopical examination

• Bacterial examination

• Based on PM lesions

• Serological tests

• Johnin test

• DNA probes

What diagnosis for para tuberculosis is used for fecal smears with acid fast strain?

Microscopical examination

What diagnosis for para tuberculosis? ________

Materials decontaminated with ___________ and concentrated by centrifugation and subsequently cultured in _______ medium and are incubated at 37OC for up to _______.

• bacterial examination

• 0.3% benzalkonium chloride

• Herrold's eggyolk

• 16 weeks

For serological tests in para tuberculosis

_________ can be used. But CFT is laborious and relatively in s e n s i t i v e .

• _________ has been used for confirming clinical infection.

______, using serum absorbed with ______ may detect subclinically infected animals.

• Complement fixation test

• Agar gel precipitation test

• ELISA

• M.phlei

What are the 2 types of johnin test?

• Intra dermal johnin test

• Intra venous johnin test

Intra dermal Johnin-Test

• Inoculate Johnin PPD into the skin of t h e _____ region.

• The delayed hypersensitivity reaction is measured after ______

• Peak response usually develops ______ after infection.

• neck

• 48 hours

• a month or so

The intravenous Johnin test reaction is measured by ______ following intra venous Johnin PPD injection.

increase in body temperature

are highly sensitive, are being used to detect organisms in faeces

DNA probes

Why should Animals with clinical signs suggestive of para tuberculosis be isolated?

Because they shed large number of bacteria which can contaminate building and pasture

This is effective in prevention and control of para tuberculosis

Detection and elimination of subclinically infected animals

What type of vaccine is used for para tuberculosis

Love vaccine consisting of non pathogenic strain of mycobacterium

What are prevention and control for para tuberculosis

• isolation

• Detection and elimination

• Live vaccine

For the prevention and control of para tuberculosis in a herd what should be done?

Inoculation of avium subsp. para tuberculosis intro calves soon after birth and before 4 weeks of age