CDIS Phonetics Final!

phonological processes

_______: When young children are unable to produce adult speech patterns, they simplify the adult form of speech.

syllable structure, substitution, assimilatory

What are the three main kinds of phonological processes?

weak syllable deletion

_______: (syllable structure process) is a phonological process that involves the omission of an unstressed weak syllable either preceding ot following a stressed syllable.

final consonant deletion

_______: (syllable structure process) deleting the final consonant in a word.

reduplication

_______: (syllable structure process) involves the repetition of a syllable of a word.

cluster reduction

_______: (syllable structure process) results in the deletion of a consonant from a consonant cluster (adjacent consonants in the same syllable).

stopping

_______: (substitution process) involves the substitution of a stop for a fricative or affricate.

fronting

_______: (substitution process) involves the substitution of a velar or palatal consonant with an alveolar place of articulation.

deaffrication

_______: (substitution process) occurs when a child substitutes a fricative for an affricate.

gliding

_______: (substitution process) is a substitution process that involves the substitution of glides for liquids.

vocalization

_______: (substitution process) involves the substitution of /l/ and /upside down r/ for a vowel.

labial assimilation

_______: (assimilatory process) occurs when a nonlabial phoneme is produced with a labial place of articulation. This is due to the presence of a labial phoneme somewhere else in the word.

alveolar assimilation

_______: (assimilatory process) occurs when a nonalveolar phoneme is produced with an alveolar place of articulation due to the presence of an alveolar phoneme elsewhere in the word.

velar assimilation

_______: (assimilatory process) occurs when a nonvelar phoneme is produced with a velar place of articulation due to the presence of a velar phoneme elsewhere in the word.

prevocalic voicing

_______: (assimilatory process) involves the voicing of a normally unvoiced consonant. This occurs when the consonant precedes the nucleus of a syllable.

devoicing

_______: (assimilatory process) this happens in syllable-final voiced phonemes that either precede a pause or silence between words ot occur at the end of an utterance.

idiosyncratic processes

_______: when children with disordered phonology also display several processes not usually found in the speech of typically developing children.

aspirated

________: voiceless consonants are produced with a puff of air.

• noise following the release of a voiceless stop and preceding a vowel

• voiceless stops in stressed syllable onsets

• exception: voicelss stops that occur after /s/ are unaspirated

• symbol: ʰ

unaspirated

_____: voiceless stop consonant produced without a noise burst.

• Voiceless stops that occur after [s]

• symbol: ˭

unreleased

_____: stop consonant produced with no audible release burst

• stops in word-final position

• voiceless stops that occur next to voiceless stops in the same syllable

• symbol: ̚

dentalized

_____: consonant produced with the tongue tip farther forward than normal, such that the tongue tip approaches the upper incisors.

• Consonants before dental sounds

• the dentalized [s] sounds frequently occur in children’s speech

• symbol: [wɪd̪θ]

palatalized

_____: nonpalatal consonant produced when tongue approaches the palate

• palatalization of /l/ can occur before [ju]

• symbol: ʲ

velarized

______: consonant produced with posterior movement of tongue toward the velum.

• symbol: ˠ

• ˠ diacritic for sounds other than [l]]

velarized/ dark l

_____: [l] sound produced with posterior movement of tongue toward velum.

• word or syllable final position

• following back vowels

• following velar sounds

• syllabic [l]

partial devoicing

______: voiced consonant produced with partial devoicing

• consonant becomes more voiceless

• approximants that folllow voiceless, aspirated consonants

• word-final voiced consonant

• voiced fricatives or affricates that are word-final or before voiceless consonants

partial voicing

_____: voiceless consonant produced with partial voicing

• consonant becomes more voiced

• voiceless consonants between voiced sounds, often vowels

raised, lowered tongue position

______: [ ̝ ] symbol for a raised vowel, [ ̞ ] symbol for a lowered vowel

advanced, retracted

______: [ ̘ ] symbol for advanced, [ ̙ ] symbol for retracted

nasalization

_____: vowels near nasal consonants

• symbol: [mẽn]

rhoticized

_____: vowels produced with r-coloring

• schwar!

denasalization

______: nasal consoant produced without nasalization

• symbol: [ɹæn͊]

• associated with speecg of someone who has a cold or upper respiratory function

nasal emission

______: consonant produced with audible escape of air through nostrils due to improper velopharyngeal closure.

• Diacritic only used with sounds that are not normally nasalized

• exhibited by individuals with cleft palate during production of stops and fricatives

articulation disorder

_____: difficulty producing speech sounds because of the motor aspects of speech production,

phonological disorder

____: difficulty producing speech sounds as a result of incomplete or inaccurate knowledge of the rules that govern phonemes in the language

misarticulation

_____: happens in the result of a articulation disorder

substitution

_____: substituting a different sound for a target sound

omission

_____: leaving out a target sound

distortion

_____: producing a variant production of a target sound

addition

_____: inserting an extra sound (s)

idio

_____: greek for personal, one’s own

protracted use of a phonological processes, idiosyncratic phonological patterns, or both

what is a phonological disorder characterized by?

southern american english

_____: characterized by monophthongization, vowel merger, and derhotacization

monophthongization

_____: diphthong is simplified to a monophthong.

vowel merger

_____: /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ before a nasal

derhotacization

_____: loss of r-coloring in rhotic diphthongs

northern city shift

_____: raising of /æ/, fronting of /ɑ/, lowering of /ɔ/, backing of /ʌ, ɛ, i/

eastern city shift

_____: distinct productions of mary, merry, and marry, deletion of postvocalic/upside down r/, rhotacization of schwa when the following word starts with a vowel.

African American English

_____: word-final deletion of alveolar stops, deletion of /d/ preceding plural -s or -3s, /l/ or /r/ vocalization or deletion, stopping before a nasal, backing og /t/ in /str/ cluster, initial ‘th’ as [d] and final ‘th’ as [d,t,s,z,t,v], vowel mergers, and monophthongization.

accent

_____: results from mismatch between two phonological systems.

English Language Learner

_____: a person learning English as a second language.

L1, L2, language transfer

Phonological features of the ____ influences the production of the ____ through _______.

vernacular dialect

_____: is a way of speaking that’s native to a particular region, community, or social group. It includes the everyday language, slang, pronunciation, and grammar that people use naturally, often differing from the more formal ot standaridezed version of a language.