Intro to Counseling: History and Pioneers

Flashcards covering the history of guidance and counseling, pseudoscientific techniques, types of guidance, and early pioneers based on the lecture notes.

Pseudoscientific Techniques

Methods or practices that claim to be based on science but do not follow the standards of scientific research.

Numerology

A practice that believes in lucky numbers, angel numbers, etc.

Astrology

A practice that claims the position of planets and stars can predict personality, behavior, or future events.

Graphology

Claims to determine a person's personality/character through the way they write.

Palmistry

The belief that lines in the palms can predict the future and indicate personality.

Phrenology

The belief that the shape of the skull indicates someone's character or personality.

Physiognomy

The study of facial construction to determine character.

Spiritualism

A practice concerned with evil spirits, possession, etc.

Vocational Guidance

Developed in the early $20^{th}$ century during the Industrial Revolution to help individuals choose suitable occupations.

Frank Parsons

Known as the "Father of Guidance," he established the first systematic approach to vocational guidance in $1908$.

Educational Guidance

Services used within school systems to help students select subjects, improve learning habits, and plan educational paths.

Personal-Social Guidance

Support focused on emotional, social, and personal growth, emphasizing self-awareness and coping skills.

Carl Rogers

A key figure in humanistic psychology whose work emphasized empathy, acceptance, and understanding the whole person.

Child Guidance / Clinical Guidance

A discipline established in the early $20^{th}$ century that combines psychology, psychiatry, and social work to help children with emotional or behavioral difficulties.

Lysander Salmon Richards

Author of the book "Vocophy: The New Profession" in $1881$, who proposed a system to help people identify suitable vocations.

Vocophy

A system designed by Lysander Salmon Richards to help individuals identify the occupation best suited to their abilities and interests.

Vocophers

Professional helpers proposed by Lysander Salmon Richards who would study occupations and guide individuals in career choices.

Jesse B. Davis

A young teacher credited with setting up systematized guidance in public schools.

David Spence Hill

The Director of Research for the New Orleans Schools who identified the need for guidance services by studying students' abilities.

Ralph Albertson

An individual Frank Parsons worked with in Boston in $1950$.

Lucinda Wyman Prince and Philip Davis

The first staff members who worked with Frank Parsons in Boston.