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What are some factors that can increase your risk of getting cancer?
Radiation, poor diet/heath, and smoking.
What are proto-oncogenes ?
Proto-oncogenes are what regulate the cell cycle and send signals for cell division and some others and regulate cel deaths(Apoptosis).
What are oncogenes?
Oncogenes cause cancer by rapid cell division. Oncogenes are formed from mutations which cause proto-oncogene to be turned on too much.
What is gene p53?
P53 is a tumor suppressor that can either fix misbehaving genes or cause apoptosis.
What are the jobs of gene p53?
-Halts cells cycle in order to prevent copies of the mutations to be created
-triggers apoptosis
-to trigger repair enzymes to fix DNA mutations
What is a microarray test and how does it help is examine cancer?
A microarray test allows us to compare the genetics of a non cancerous cell with the genetics of a cancerous cell. By using color coded data results, we can see which genes are turned on or off in ether cancer cells or non cancerous cells.
Which diagnostic imaging technology used magnets in order to depict images of soft body tissues(cross section ally)?
MRI- uses magnets to display images of soft body tissue in order to diagnose diseases or disorders.
What does the color yellow mean in the microarray test?
Yellow means the gene is expressed equally in both.
What does the color green mean in the microarray test?
Green means the gene is expressed in healthy cells.
What does the color red mean in the microarray test?
Red means the gene is expressed in the cancerous cell.
What does black mean in the microarray test?
Black means the gene is not expressed in either cell.
What does it mean when a color ratio of a gene is less than one?
A ratio less than one means that the gene is less expressed in cancer cells.
What does it mean when a color ratio of a gene is more than one?
More than one means it is more expressed in cancer cells.
What does it mean when a color ratio is one ?
Equal to one means the gene is equally expressed in both cells.
What does it mean when a color ratio is 0?
Zero means it is not expressed in either cell.
What is a negative correlation?
A negative correlation means that genes are acting differently(one off, one on).
What is a positive correlation?
Positive means the genes are acting the same(both on or both off).
What does a correlation of one mean?
A correlation of one means the gene is expressed identically in both cells. The closer to one the correlation is, the stronger the correlation.
What does a correlation of zero mean?
This means that there is no correlation.
Cancer can affect any organ or tissue in the body. True or false?
True
What is translocation?
When chromosome rearrange them selfs and cause a cell to misbehave. This is why cancer cells have abnormal amounts of chromosomes or different structures.
Which diagnostic imaging technology uses radiation to view broken bones bones, lung diseases, and digestive system?
X-rays
Which diagnostic imaging technology uses multiple X-rays in a tube to produce cross-sectional view of bones and soft tissues like organs?
CT scan
Which diagnostic imaging technology adds radioactive tracers that are soaked up by the bone to produce full skeletal view to identify abnormal bone growth
Bone scans
What do you need to collect from the healthy cells and the cancer cells in order to complete an microarray test?
You need to collect the mRNA which will only be created if the genes are turned on.
What do we use correlation coefficients for?
to determine if there is a pattern between what genes are turned on and what genes are turned off between two patients with the same disease.
What are the three most common skin cancers?
Basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancers and melanomas
Describe basal cell skin cancer and Squamous cell skin cancer.
Most common of Anvers and is involved with sun exposure. It is found on the head and neck. Less likely to become deadly like melanoma.
Describe melanomas
This cancer developed from melanocytes(this gives you the color in your skin). Not as common but is serious. Can occur anywhere.
Found commonly in the legs for women and back and chest for men.
What does asymmetry look like when examining your skin for cancer?
This is wine one part is a different color than the other.
What does border irregularity look like when examining your skin for cancer?
Growth of vaguely defined, scalloped, or notched irregular borders.
What does diameter mean when examining skin for cancer?
Diameter is if the spots have grown to a large size. If growth is larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser(about 1/4 inch or 16millimeters), then you should contact your doctor.
What does revolving mean when examining your skin for cancer?
Evolving is small and gradual growth or change in moles. Could itch or bleed.
What does color changes look like when examining skin for cancer?
Multiple skin colors or uneven color distribution.