Alterations in Neuro/Endocrine Exam 3 Review Flashcards

A set of 25 practice flashcards covering neuro and endocrine alterations, including headaches, stroke, Parkinson's, DKA, HHS, and hyperthyroidism as discussed in the Exam 3 review.

What is the most common complaint in neurology, and how should a nurse resolve it?

Simple headaches, often caused by head, neck, and shoulder position; the nurse should reposition the patient.

What are two primary manifestations of a migraine headache?

Sensitivity to light and being photophobic.

In the context of meningitis and cerebral edema, how does the fluid move to cause swelling?

Fluid flows from the intravascular space into the interstitial spaces.

Why does a nurse inform a client with frequent migraines that they likely do not have an aneurysm?

Aneurysms are silent and do not have symptoms because they are building up in the blood vessel and have not ruptured yet.

What is the hallmark symptom when a cerebral aneurysm finally ruptures?

The patient experiences the 'worst HA of your life'.

What type of cerebral edema is characterized by the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

Vasogenic cerebral edema.

Which stroke risk factors are considered modifiable (modifiers)?

Controlling weight, hypertension (HTN), diet, and exercise.

What specific area of the brain is affected in Parkinson’s disease and what does it produce?

The substantia nigra, which produces dopamine.

What are the common movement and thought process manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?

Lack of coordination, impaired movement (shuffling, tremors), and impaired thought processes.

Which environmental factor is linked to the development of Parkinson’s disease?

Exposure to pesticides.

What is the common trigger for both cluster and tension headaches?

Stress and tension.

What is the recommended systolic blood pressure management range for a patient with a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

$120\text{-}129$.

Besides light sensitivity, what is a specific manifestation of a migraine aura mentioned in the notes?

Tingling of the face.

What position should a patient with a cerebral aneurysm be kept in?

Semifowler’s ($45^{\circ}$).

Which characteristics are non-modifiable risk factors for stroke?

Age, sex, and family history (history of parents having cardiovascular disease).

What medication is commonly used for Parkinson's disease, and what mental status changes might a patient exhibit?

Carbidopa-levidopa; patients may become suspicious or combative.

What four environmental interventions should a nurse prioritize to prevent falls in a Parkinson’s patient?

Hand rails in the bathroom, keeping stairs free from clutter, ensuring good lighting, and removing throw rugs.

In DKA, how are metabolic acidosis labs defined regarding pH and bicarb?

Low pH (acid) and low $HCO_3$ (bicarb).

What are the clinical characteristics of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)?

Hyperosmolarity, a relative lack of insulin, blood glucose extremely greater than $600$, loss of consciousness, blurred vision, and arrhythmia.

What type of IV solution is used to treat a patient with hyponatremia ($Na^+ < 135\text{-}145$)?

Hypertonic $3\%$.

Which four vitals and labs are prioritized for a young DM1 patient with HTN and HLD?

BP, blood sugar, A1C, and cholesterol.

What are the signs of a thyroid storm in a patient with a history of hyperthyroidism following an accident?

Heart rate greater than $150\,bpm$ and BP $70/30$.

How should Levothyroxine be administered according to the review?

In the morning on an empty stomach, $30\text{-}60\,mins$ before breakfast.

What is the preferred administration site for insulin in DM1 and a common treatment for hypoglycemia?

The abdomen for site; orange juice for treatment.

What are the side effects and contraindications of Amiodarone?

It makes the skin purple, is toxic to the liver and kidney, should not be taken with statins, and causes heat intolerance due to hyperthyroidism/elevated thyroid hormone.