Chapter 6

Pressure Conversion

1 atm= 760 torr or mmHg= 14.7 psi

Boyle’s Law

pressure and volume are inversely proportional

P₁V₁=P₂V₂

Gay-Lussac’s Law

pressure and temperature are directly proportional

P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂

Combined Gas Law

P₁V₁/T₁= P₂V₂/T₂

Charles’ Law

volume and temperature are directly proportional

V₁/T₁= V₂/T₂

Avogadro’s Law

volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles (n= number of moles)

V₁/n₁=V₂/n₂

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT

R= 0.0821

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

P_total=P₁+P₂+P₃+…

Pure Substance

made of 1 or more element or compound

Mixture

a combination of 2 or more pure substances

Solution

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances in which the components are uniformly distributed at a molecular level

Solute

substance that gets dissolved in a solution

Solvent

substance that does the dissolving in a solution

Weight/Volume Percent (% w/v)

grams of solute/mL of solution *100

Volume/Volume Percent (%v/v)

mL of solute/mL of solution * 100

Weight/Weight Percent (%w/w)

grams of solute/grams of solution *100

Parts per Thousand (ppt)

grams of solute/mL of solution * 10³

Parts per Million (ppm)

grams of solute/mL of solution * 10⁶

Parts per Billion

grams of solute/mL of solution * 10⁹

Molarity

M= moles of solute/liters of solution

Dilution equation for moles only

M₁V₁=M₂V₂

Dilution equation for everything else

V_originalC_original=V_finalC_final