Ch 6 vocab

Acetabulum

Cup-shaped socket of the innominate bone (hip bone) into which the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits

Achondroplasia

Defect in the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones

Acroarthritis

Inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet

Acromion

Projection of the spine of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle

Ankylosis

Abnormal condition of stiffening of a joint

Arthralgia

Joint pain

Arthritis

Inflammation of a joint that can result from various disease processes, such as injury to a joint (including fracture), an attack on the joints by the body itself (caused by autoimmune disease) or general wear and tear on joints (osteoarthritis)

Arthrocentesis

Surgical procedure to remove joint fluid

Arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of a joint

Arthroplasty

Surgical procedure used to repair a joint

Arthroscope

Surgical instrument used to examine the interior of a joint

Bone marrow transplant

Surgical procedure used to transfer bone marrow from donor to patient

Bursa

Pad like sac between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel bone

Calcium

Mineral that is essential for bone growth, teeth development, blood coagulation, and many other functions

Carpal

Pertaining to wrist bones

There are two rows of four bones in the wrist

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Abnormal condition caused by compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament due to injury or trauma to the area including repetitive movement

Symptoms: soreness, tenderness, weakness, pain, tingling, and numbness at the wrist

Cast

Material made of plaster, fiberglass, sodium silicate, starch or dextrin used to immobilize a fractured bone

Chondral

Pertaining to cartilage

Chondrocostal

Pertaining to the rib cartilage

Clavicular

Pertaining to the clavicle

Coccygeal

Pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone)

Coccygodynia

Pain in the coccyx (tailbone)

Collagen

Fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and cartilage

Connective

The nature of connecting or binding together

Costosternal

Pertaining to rib and sternum

Craniectomy

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull

Craniotomy

Surgical incision made into the skull

Dactylic

Pertaining to the finger or toe

Dactylogram

Medical term for fingerprint

Dislocation

Displacement of a bone from a joint

Femoral

Pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)

The longest bone in the body

Fibula

Pertaining to the fibula

(The smaller of the two lower leg bones)

Fixation

Process of holding or fastening in a fixed position (immobilizing)

Flatfoot

Abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot

Genu Valgum

Medical term for knock-knee

(Knees inward)

Genu varum

Medical term for bowleg

(Knees outward)

Gout

Hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis

Marked by joint inflammation

Caused by excessive amounts of uric acid in the blood and deposits in and around the joints

Hallux

Medical term for the big toe

Hammertoe

Acquired flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint

Humeral

Pertaining to the humerous (upper arm bone)

Hydrarthrosis

An abnormal condition in which there is an accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint

Iliac

Pertaining to the ilium

Illiosacral

Pertaining to the ilium and the sacrum

Intercostal

Pertaining to the space between two ribs

Ischial

Pertaining to the ischium (hip)

Ischialgia

Pain in the ischium (hip)

Kyphosis

Condition in which the normal thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated (humpback)

Laminectomy

Surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch

Lordosis

An abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

Lumbar

Pertaining to the loins (lower back)

Lumbodynia

Pain in the loins (lowerback)

Mandibular

Pertaining to the lower jawbone

Maxillary

Pertaining to the upper jawbone

Meniscus

Crescent-shaped interarticular fibrocartilaginous structure found in certain joints, especially the lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the knee joint

Metacarpals

Pertaining to the bones of the hand

There are five radiating bones in the fingers

Metacarpectomy

Surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand

Myelitis

Inflammation of the bone marrow

Myeloma

Tumor of the bone marrow

Myelopoiesis

Formation of bone marrow

Olecranal

Pertaining to the elbow

Orthopedics

Diseases and disorders involving locomotor structures of the body

Orthopedist

One who specializes in orthopedics

Osteoarthritis

Inflammation of the bone and joint

Osteoblast

Bone -forming cell

Osteochondritis

Inflammation of bone and cartilage

Osteogenesis

Formation of bone

Osteomalacia

Softening of bone

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone, especially of the marrow, caused by a pathogenic organism

Osteopenia

Deficiency of bone tissue

Osteoporosis

Abnormal condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bones, decreasing their strength and causing fragile bones

Osteosarcoma

Malignant tumor of the bone

Osteotome

Surgical instrument used for cutting bone

Patellar

Pertaining to patella (kneecap)

Pedal

Pertaining to foot

Phalangeal

Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes

Phosphorus

Mineral that is essential in bone formation, muscle contraction, and many other functions

Polyarthritis

Inflammation of more than one joint

Radial

Pertaining to the radius (lateral lower arm bone in line with the thumb)

Radiograph

Film or record on which X-ray image is produced

Reduction

Manipulative or surgical procedure used to correct a fracture

Rheumatoid arthritis (ra)

Chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joints

Rickets

Abnormal condition in children caused by lack of vitamin D

Scapular

Pertaining to shoulder blade

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Spinal

Pertaining to the spine

Splint

Appliance used for fixation support, and rest of an injured body part

Spondylodesis

Surgery performed to permanently connect two or more vertebrae in the spine,eliminating motion between them

Sprain

A traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments around a joint (pain, swelling, discoloration)

Spur

Sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone

Sternal

Pertaining to the sternum (breastbone)

Sternotomy

Surgical incision of the sternum

Subclavicular

Pertaining to beneath the clavicle

Subcostal

Beneath the ribs

Submaxilla

Bellow the jaw or mandible

Symphysis

Growing together, a joint in which adjacent bony surfaces are firmly united by fibrocartilage

Tendinitis

Inflammation of a tendon

Tenis elbow

Chronic condition characterized by elbow pain caused by excessive promotion and supination activities

Tibial

Pertaining to the tibia (shin bone) (larger of the two bones in the lower leg)