Organic Chemistry I - Functional Groups

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16 Terms

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Hydrocarbon Functional Groups

Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Aromatic

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Alkane

single C-C bonds

<p>single C-C bonds</p>
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Alkene

at least one C=C double bond

<p>at least one C=C double bond</p>
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Alkyne

at least one C≡C triple bond

<p>at least one C≡C triple bond</p>
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Aromatic

a structure containing alternating double and single bonds in a ring, stabilizing the molecule through resonance (e.g, benzene)

<p>a structure containing alternating double and single bonds in a ring, stabilizing the molecule through resonance (e.g, benzene)</p>
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Heteroatoms bonds

alcohol, ether, amine, alkylhalide

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Alcohol

hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to sp³ carbon

<p>hydroxyl group (–OH) bonded to sp³ carbon</p>
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Amine

nitrogen bonded to carbon(s) and/or hydrogen (–NH₂, –NHR, –NR₂)

<p>nitrogen bonded to carbon(s) and/or hydrogen (–NH₂, –NHR, –NR₂)</p>
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Ether

oxygen between two carbons (C–O–C)

<p>oxygen between two carbons (C–O–C)</p>
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Alkylhalide

halogen (–F, –Cl, –Br, –I) bonded to carbon

<p>halogen (–F, –Cl, –Br, –I) bonded to carbon</p>
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Carbonyl-Containing Groups

Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester, Amide

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Aldehyde

carbonyl with at least one hydrogen attached (–CHO)

<p>carbonyl with at least one hydrogen attached (–CHO)</p>
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Ketone

carbonyl with two carbon groups attached

<p>carbonyl with two carbon groups attached</p>
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Carboxylic Acid

carbonyl with hydroxyl group (-COOH)

<p>carbonyl with hydroxyl group (-COOH)</p>
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Ester

a compound formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, characterized by the functional group -COO-.

<p>a compound formed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, characterized by the functional group -COO-. </p>
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Amide

carbonyl with nitrogen (–CONH₂, –CONHR, –CONR₂)

<p>carbonyl with nitrogen (–CONH₂, –CONHR, –CONR₂)</p>