Animal Sciences - One Health History

One Health

• manages threats at the their face between eco-system health, animal health, and human health

• Health of people, animals, and the ecosystem are interconnected

• Provides framework for an inter grated approach to HEALTH

Ancient Greeks

Hippocrates - urged physicians to consider where their patients lived, the foods the ate and the waters they drank their lifestyles, and seasons of the year

Aristotle - comparative medicine: animal anatomy, pathology of animal diseases

Pierre Belon (1517-1564)

• systematic comparisons of birds and humans

• The beginnings of modern comparative anatomy

Claude Bourgelat (1712-1779)

• Comparative Pathology

• Anatomy and Pathology of horses

• Founder of 1st veterinary college

• Pioneer in comparative medicine

• “Either medicine will mutually enlighten and perfect the other when we discard a derisory, harmful prejudice“

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

• early example of one health principle

• Inoculation of bovine virus (cow pox)

• Immunization agents small pox

John Snow (1813-1853)

Modern Epidemiology

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

• “Father of germ theory”

  • along with Robert Koch

  • Demonstrated validity of germ theory

• Fermentation caused by micro-organisms (non spontaneous generation)

• Patented “Pasteurization”

  • Process to kill microorganisms

  • Determined time and temp for wine, beer, and milk

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

• improvements in microscopy

  • oil immersion lens

  • Photography

  • Improved staining methods

• Improvements in Bacteriology

  • developed agar plating tech

  • Petri dish (Julius petri (assistant))

• Anthrax caused by a specific micro-organism (1876)

• Identified tuberculosis bacterium (1882)

• Nobel Prize in Medicine (1905)

Koch’s Postulates for casual relationship between microbe and disease

1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be foind in healthy organisms.

2. The micro organism must be isolated from a diseases organism and grown in propper culture

3. The cultured microoganism should cause disease when introduced to healthy organism

4. The microorganism must be re-isolated fromt eh inoculatied, disease experimental hoast and identifided as being identical to the original specific casuitive agent

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)

• public health activist

  • social reformer plitician

  • Anthropologist

• Life cycle of the nematode Trichenella Spiralis

• Cleaned up/develpled Meat inspection

• Linked human and veteranary medicines

• Coined “zoonosis”

• Developed the concept of “one medicine”

“Between animal and human medicine there are no dividing lines —nor should there be”

William Orsler (1849-1919)

• student of virchow - ontarian

• Proffesor, McGill facutly of medicne

• Cofounder of john hopkins medical school

• Appointed Regius Cair of Medince Oxford (1905)

• An avid dissector of animals and humans in search of common contagions

• Originated the trem “One Medicine” (?)

James Steele (1913 -2013)

• Founded the first verteranry public health program at the U.S. Public Health Service

• “The father of veteranary public health”

• Developed the concept that governement should fight disease in animals to protect people

“You’re only going to deal with sick people? or are you going to deal with what makes people sick?”

Calvin Schwabe (1907 -2006)

• premoted one the concept of one medicince

• Re-established on medicne

• Verteanary epidemilogist

  • espablished the department of emidimolgy and preventitve medicnce at UC Davis School of veterinary Medicnce