dual credit exam 3

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival emphasizing personal salvation, moral reform, and social activism.

Charles G. Finney

Preacher who promoted revivalism and social reform.

Shakers

Religious group led by Ann Lee, practiced celibacy, equality of sexes, communal living.

Mormonism

Founded by Joseph Smith; Brigham Young led migration to Utah.

New Harmony

Utopian socialist community in Indiana founded by Robert Owen.

Brook Farm

Transcendentalist utopian community founded by George Ripley; combined labor & intellectual pursuits.

Oneida Colony

John Humphrey Noyes' community practicing communal property & 'complex marriage.'

Horace Mann

Reformed public education; promoted universal schooling.

Noah Webster

Standardized American English; wrote textbooks.

William H. McGuffey

Created McGuffey Readers for moral and educational lessons.

Pennsylvania system

Solitary confinement in prisons.

Auburn system

Congregate prison system; silence & work during the day.

Dorothea Dix

Advocated for mentally ill; reformed asylums.

T.S. Arthur

Author of Ten Nights in a Bar-Room, promoted temperance.

Neal Dow

Led temperance movement; passed Maine Law.

American Colonization Society

Promoted sending freed blacks to Liberia.

William Lloyd Garrison

Radical abolitionist, founded The Liberator, promoted immediate emancipation.

Theodore Dwight Weld

Anti-slavery speaker & writer.

Grimke Sisters

Angelina and Sarah Grimke; prominent abolitionists and advocates for women's rights.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, highlighted slavery's horrors.

Sojourner Truth

Former slave, abolitionist, and women's rights activist.

Frederick Douglass

Escaped slave, abolitionist, writer, speaker.

Elijah P. Lovejoy

Abolitionist printer, killed for anti-slavery views.

American Antislavery Society

Founded by Garrison; promoted abolition and equality.

Gag Rule

Congressional rule preventing anti-slavery petitions from being discussed.

Abigail Adams

Advocated for women's rights during Revolutionary War; 'remember the ladies.'

Eliza Pinckney & Molly Pitcher

Pinckney improved agriculture; Pitcher fought in Revolutionary War.

Benjamin Rush

Advocated female education to create republican mothers.

Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Organized Seneca Falls Convention; promoted women's suffrage.

Seneca Falls Convention

1848 meeting; Declaration of Sentiments declared 'all men and women created equal.'

Moses Roper

Former slave who described brutal treatment in his writings.

Dr. James Green Carson

Treated slaves humanely; rare example of compassionate master.

Harriet Tubman

Escaped slave; helped hundreds via Underground Railroad; Civil War nurse & spy.

Gabriel's Rebellion

1800 planned slave revolt in Virginia; failed.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

1831 Virginia uprising; killed ~60 whites; led to stricter slave laws.

Norbert Rillieux

Free black inventor; improved sugar refining process.

Jedediah Smith & Kit Carson

Mountain men and explorers of the West.

William Ashley

Organized fur trade; created Rendezvous system.

Rendezvous

Annual fur trading gathering in the West.

Zebulon Pike

Explored southwestern U.S.

Stephen Long

Explored Great Plains; called it 'Great American Desert.'

Thomas O. Larkin

California businessman; supported American settlement.

William Henry Harrison

Whig president, died in office in 1841.

John Tyler

Harrison's VP; annexed Texas.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.

John L. O'Sullivan

Coined 'Manifest Destiny.'

James K. Polk

President during Mexican-American War; expanded U.S. territory.

Oregon Treaty

1846 treaty settled U.S.-British boundary in Oregon.

James Buchanan & John Slidell

Diplomats during U.S.-Mexico negotiations.

Commodore John D. Sloat

Captured California during war.

John C. Fremont

Led U.S. forces in California.

Stephen Kearny

Captured New Mexico & Southern California.

Zachary Taylor

U.S. general; victories at Palo Alto & Buena Vista.

Battle of Palo Alto & Buena Vista

Key U.S. victories in Mexican-American War.

Winfield Scott

Captured Mexico City; ended the war.

Veracruz Landing

Amphibious assault; major operation in war.

Nicholas Trist

Negotiated Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Ended Mexican-American War; U.S. gained Southwest territories.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed banning slavery in new territories (failed in Senate).