7th Grade Science Review - Elevate Science 2019

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering human organ systems, nutrition, genetics, plant structures, and ecology based on Elevate Science 2019.

Peristalsis

Wave-like muscular contractions that push food through the esophagus into the stomach.

Chyme

A paste-like mixture of food, acid, and gastric juices formed in the stomach.

Villi

Small projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption into the blood.

Bile

A substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down fats.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs surrounded by capillaries where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.

Diaphragm

A large muscle below the lungs that contracts for inhalation and relaxes for exhalation.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward the rest of the body, usually containing oxygen.

Venae (Veins)

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, usually without oxygen.

Pulmonary Circulation

The path that blood takes between the heart and the lungs to collect oxygen.

Systemic Circulation

The path that blood takes between the heart and the rest of the body to deliver oxygen.

Carbohydrates

Nutrients that provide quick energy and contain $4$ calories per gram.

Proteins

Nutrients that help grow and repair tissues, providing $4$ calories per gram.

Fats (Lipids)

Nutrients that store long-term energy and protect organs, providing $9$ calories per gram.

Heredity

The process of passing traits from parents to offspring.

Allele

A different version of the same gene, such as versions for brown or blue eyes.

Chromosome

A structure within the cell made of coiled DNA that contains the genes.

Asexual Reproduction

A reproduction method involving a single parent that produces genetically identical offspring (clones).

Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction that combines DNA from two parents, resulting in offspring with a unique combination of traits and higher genetic variation.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds protected inside a fruit.

Gymnosperms

Plants that produce seeds in cones, such as pines, rather than in flowers or fruits.

Stamen

The male part of the flower, consisting of the anther (which produces pollen) and the filament.

Pistil

The female part of the flower, which includes the stigma, style, and ovary.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil by wind, water, or animals.

Germination

The process where a seed begins to grow, producing the first root and stem.

Abiotic Factors

The non-living parts of an ecosystem, such as water, temperature, sunlight, soil, and air.

Population

A group of organisms belonging to the same species living in the same area at the same time.

Community

All the different populations that live together in the same area.

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms interacting with the abiotic factors of their environment.

Population Density

The number of individuals per unit of area, calculated as $\text{number of individuals} \times \text{area}^{-1}$.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustain with the available resources.