Double Science Chemistry - Chemical Reactions

Ion

an atom that has gained or lost electrons to become charged.

Polyatomic ion

An ion consisting of two or more atoms.

Anion

a negatively charged ion

Cation

a positively charged ion

Molecule

two non metals that share electrons with a covalent bond

Ionic bond

a chemical bond in which cations and anions are held together by strong electrostatic forces.

Covalent bond

a chemical bond between atoms sharing a pair of electrons so that both have a complete valence shell of electrons.

Reactant

a substance that undergoes change during a reaction.

Product

substance that is produced during a reaction

Combination reaction

Type of chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

Decomposition reaction

When a single reactant breaks down into two or more products, often due to the input of heat or a catalyst.

Thermal decomposition reaction

A reaction in which a compound breaks down to produce two or more compounds or elements in the presence of a heat.

Catalytic decomposition reaction

A reaction in which a compound breaks down to produce two or more compounds or elements when a catalyst is used.

Catalyst

Increase the rate of reaction without being consumed, by providing an alternative reaction pathway or lowering the activation energy.

Reaction rate

the rate at which the reactants of a chemical reaction form the products

Dissociation

The separation of a compound into its constituent ions.

Precipitation reaction

A chemical reaction in which a dissolved substance is converted into a soluble form.

Precipitate

insoluble product created in a reaction between compounds in solution

Displace

take the place of, replace, push out.

Displacement reaction

a chemical reaction in which a dissolved substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound.

Solute

A substance dissolved in a liquid (the solvent) to form a solution

Solvent

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved.

Soluble

a substance that can be dissolved

Insoluble

a substance that cannot be dissolved

Solution

a mixture created when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

Aqueous

dissolved in water

Spectator ion

An ion that is present in a solution in which other ions are reacting. Spectator ions do not take any part in the chemical reaction.