Phonological and Phonemic Awareness

Onset and Rime Production

the ability to hear and understand that the sound(s) before the vowel in a syllable is the onset, and the vowel and everything that comes after it in a syllable is the rime

Example

In the word cat, the onset is /c/ and the rime is /at/

Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness

the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words. A student can hear that /b/ makes first sound in the word blue.

Phoneme Segmentation

the ability to break down a word into separate sounds, as they say and count each sound

Example

How many sounds are there in the word bug? /b/ /u/ /g/? There are three.

Phoneme Substitution

the ability to substitute one phoneme for a different one

Example

replace the first sound in 'bug' with 'r' . Rug

Phoneme

the smallest individual sounds in a word

Example

The word “bit” has three phonemes – b – i – t.

Phonological Awareness

the understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print

Phoneme Isolation

the ability to hear and recognize the individual sounds in words

Example

What is the first sound you hear in dog? /d/

Syllable Blending

the ability to put together parts of a word and make them into a new word

Example

“sib” and “ling” are two syllables that blend together to form the word “sibling.”

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Rime

in a syllable, the vowel and everything after it

Example

-ake is the rime in flake

Phoneme Deletion

the ability to recognize and understand a word or sound(s) that remain when a phoneme is removed

Example

"What is bat without the /b/?" "at"

Phoneme Manipulation

the ability to perform phoneme deletion, addition, and substitution.

Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation

the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words

Example

“Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”

Word Awareness

knowing that individual words make up a sentence

Example

“A brown cat jumped over the car.” has 7 words

Onset

in a syllable, everything that comes before the vowel; can be a consonant, consonant blend, or consonant digraph

Example

fl- is the onset of flake

Phoneme Addition

the ability to make a new word(s) by adding a phoneme to an existing word

Example

What new word can you make by adding a sound to the beginning of at? Bat, cat, rat, and sat.

Phoneme Blending

the ability to blend two sounds to make a word

Example

Blend together these sounds to make a word: /b/ /a/ /t/ to form bat.

Rhyme Awareness / Rhyming

the ability first to hear words that rhyme and then to be able to produce a rhyme(s)

Example

“Blue” and “Flew” rhyme