Upper Limb/ Back Muscle Attachments

Pec Major Prox

clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique

Pec Major Distal

lateral lip of intertubercular groove

Pec Minor Proximal

3rd to 5th ribs

Pec Minor Distal

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Subclavius Proximal

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Subclavius Distal

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Serratus Anterior Proximal

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

Serratus Anterior Distal

Superior: inserted near the superior angle

Intermediate: along the medial border

Inferior: near the inferior angle

Trapezius Proximal

Medial third superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nucha ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes

Trapezius Distal

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Lats Proximal

spinous process of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

Lats Distal

floor of intertubercular groove

Levator Scapulae Proximal

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Levator Scapulae Distal

superior part of medial border of scapula

Rhomboids Proximal

Minor: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1

Major: spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboids Distal

Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Deltoid Proximal

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Deltoid Distal

deltoid tuberosity

Teres Major Proximal

Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Teres Major Distal

Medial lip of intertubercular groove

Supraspinatus Proximal

supraspinous fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus Distal

Superior facet of greater tuberosity

Subscapularis Proximal

subscapular fossa

Subscapularis Distal

Lesser tuberosity

Infraspinatus Proximal

infraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus Distal

Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

Teres Minor Proximal

Superior part of lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor Distal

inferior facet on greater tuberosity

Biceps Proximal

Short head: tip of coracoid process

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Biceps Distal

Tuberosity of the radius via bicipital aponeurosis

Brachialis Proximal

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Brachialis Distal

Coronoid Process and tuberosity of the ulna

Coracobrachialis proximal

tip of coracoid process of scapula

coracobrachialis distal

middle third of medial surface of ulna

triceps proximal

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral head: superior to radial groove

Medial head: inferior to radial groove

triceps distal

proximal end of olecranon process and fascia of the forearm

anconeus proximal

lateral epicondyle

anconeus distal

lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Pronator teres Proximal

medial epicondyle and coronoid process

Pronator teres distal

middle of lateral surface of radius

Flexor carpi radialis proximal

medical epicondyle

flexor carpi radialis distal

base of 2nd metacarpal

palmaris longus proximal

medial epicondyle

palmaris longus distal

distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

flexor carpi ulnaris proximal

humeral head: medial epicondyle

ulnar head: olecranon

flexor carpi ulnaris distal

pisiform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal

flexor digitorum superficialis proximal

Humoulnar head: medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius

flexor digitorum superficialis distal

bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

flexor digitorum profundus proximal

proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

flexor digitorum profundus distal

base of distal phalanges 2-5

flexor pollicis longus proximal

anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

flexor pollicis longus distal

base of distal phalanx of thumb

pronator quadratus proximal

distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna

pronator quadratus distal

distal fourth of anterior surface of radius

Brachioradialis proximal

proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge

brachioradialis distal

lateral surface of distal end of radius

Extensor carpi radialis longus proximal

lateral supracondylar ridge

extensor carpi radialis longus distal

base of 2nd metacarpal

extensor carpi radialis brevis proximal

lateral epicondyle

extensor carpi radialis brevis distal

base of 3rd metacarpal

extensor digitorum proximal

lateral epicondyle

extensor digitorum distal

extensor expansions of digits 2-5

extensor digiti minimi proximal

lateral epicondyle

extensor digit minimi distal

extensor expansion of 5th digit

extensor carpi ulnaris proximal

lateral epicondyle

extensor carpi ulnaris distal

base of 5th metacarpal

supinator proximal

lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna

supinator distal

lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

abductor pollicis longus proximal

posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

abductor pollicis longus distal

base of 1st metacarpal

Extensor pollicis brevis proximal

posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane

extensor pollicis brevis distal

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

extensor pollicis longus proximal

posterior surfaces of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

extensor pollicis longus distal

base of distal phalanx of thumb

extensor indicis proximal

posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

extensor indicis distal

extensor expansion of 2nd digit

abductor pollicis brevis proximal

flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

abductor pollicis brevis distal

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

flexor pollicis brevis proximal

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

flexor pollicis brevis distal

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

oponens pollicis proximal

flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

oponens pollicis distal

lateral side of 1st metacarpal

adductor pollics proximal

oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals

transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal

adductor pollicis distal

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

abductor digiti minimi proxmial

pisiform

abductor digiti minimi distal

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

flexor digit minimi brevis proximal

hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

flexor digiti minimi brevis distal

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

oponens digiti minimi proximal

hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

oponens digiti minimi distal

medial border of 5th metacarpal

Lumbricals 1 & 2 proximal

lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Lumbricals 3 &4 proximal

medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Lumbricals distal

lateral sides of extensor expansions digits 2-5

Interosseous dorsal 1-4 proximal

adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals

Interosseous palmar 1-3 proximal

palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals

Interosseous dorsal 1-4 distal

extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

Interosseous palmar 1-3 distal

extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges 2,4,5

Splenius cervicis proximal

transverse processes of C1-C4

Splenius cervicis distal

spinous process of C7-T6

Splenius capitus proximal

mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line