Senior Sem Final Exam

Which of the following is a life-threatening heat-related medical emergency

Exertional Heatstroke

The greatest risk for heatstroke exists when wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) exceeds

28C

Which of the following is not a sign and symptom of exertional heat exhaustion?

slow heart rate and respiratory rate

Extreme” altitude is defined as

above 5,500 m

Which is not considered a primary altitude illness?

ACSM

“Painful involuntary muscle contractions or spasms most often in the abdomen, arms, or legs that may occur during or after strenuous activity” is the definition of

exercise-associated muscle cramps

 

Exercise-induced muscle cramps are associated with elevated core temperature.

false

the most common form of altitude sickness is

AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness)

The most common form of serious heat illness is

exertional heatstroke

A safe, easy, and objective means to monitor exercise intensity at altitude is

RPE during exercises

During the first few days at high altitude, individuals should complete a high volume of moderate intensity exercise to improve altitude acclimatization.

false

Which statement is not true regarding frostbite?

Frostbite cannot occur is the air temperature is above 0C

hypothermia occurs when

metabolic heat loss exceeds heat production

Which statement is most true about wind in regard to cold environment

Wind causes an exposed object to become cooler than the ambient temperature.

Which of the statements below is true regarding inpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs?

Activities and programs during the early recovery period will depend on the size of the myocardial infarction and the occurrence of any complications.

 In individuals with sternotomy, the rate of dehiscence is more than 10%. (1)

false (1)

Which tool is used extensively to measure dyspnea before, during, and after exercise?

Borg CR10 Scale

Major risk factors for PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease) include all except

female gender

 

PAD generally affects which area of the body?

the lower legs

An exercise prescription for return to work from a stroke should include all except

the height of all ceilings at the work site

Which of the following conditions does not typically warrant consideration for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator?

heart failure

Which should be part of the FITT recommendation for individuals with cardiac transplant?

All of the above should be included

Parameters indicating it is safe to initiate inpatient cardiac rehabilitation include all of the following except

new onset ST-segmen depression

Which is not considered an appropriate modification of the exercise prescription to encourage return to work?

avoid exercise that mimic movement patterns used during work tasks

Which is not a clinical contraindication to participation in inpatient or outpatient CR (Cardiac Rehab) ?

resting systolic blood pressure <18- mmHG

THe FITT recommendation for individuals with cardiovascular disease participating in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation should include all except

Only RPE should be used to asses intensity

It is recommended that the upper limits of exercise intensity during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation may be measured on any of the following except

post-MI: HRrest + 30 beats · min−1

Which of the followed is assessed before, during, or after each CR session?

All of the above are assessed during each CR session

During outpatient CR, which is not recommended

HIIT

When comparing individuals with heart failure to healthy age-matched controls, which is not true?

HF shows a lower peak blood pressure.

Individuals with cardiac transplant often have an elevated resting heart rate. (2)

True (2)

The 3-yr survival rate for cardiac transplant in the United States is approximately 80%–85%. (3)

True (3)

A blood glucose level of less than ______ mg · dL−1 is considered a relative contraindicate for exercise.

70

If an individual with hypertension performs intermittent aerobic exercise, bouts should be a minimum of

10 min

Which type(s) of exercise training produce the greatest decreases in Metsyn prevalence?

combined aerobic and resistance

Overweight and obesity are linked to all of the following health issues except

osteoporosis

To promote long-term weight loss, individuals should progress to at least ______ min · wk−1 of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise.

250

For the individual with diagnosed hypertension, emphasis in exercise prescription should be placed on

all of the above

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is by far the most prevalent type of diabetes in the population. (5)

True (5)

Resistance training should be encouraged for individuals with diabetes mellitus unless they

have severe proliferative retinopathy

During combined training, completing resistance training prior to aerobic training may lower the risk of hypoglycemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. (6)

TRue (6)

What percentage of U.S. adults have a doctor’s diagnosis of arthritis?

20-25%

Flexibility exercise as a stand-alone form of training does appear to improve symptoms of fibromyalgia. (7)

false (7)

What percentage of the U.S. adult population are estimated to have chronic kidney disease

15%

The 1-RM is contraindicated in people with kidney disease because

it may result in spontaneous bone fractures

Which of the following is a suggested, useful, functional test in low-functioning individuals with CKD ( Chronic Kidney Disease,) ?

Short physical performance battery (SPPB) test

When an individual is receiving hemodialysis, the general recommendation is to begin an exercise session

about 2 hr after treatment

Which statement is most true about multiple sclerosis?

MS affects women at a rate two to three times more than men

Which statement is most true?

There is low-quality evidence to support PA as a means of improving spasticity in people with MS.

At what time of day is exercise testing usually best tolerated in individuals with MS?

Morning

During an acute flare-up of rheumatoid arthritis, an individual should

avoid strenuous exercise.

Which is most true about osteoporosis?

Exercise is considered a primary nonpharmacological treatment for preventing osteoporosis.

Cycle ergometry, instead of treadmill, should be used as an exercise test modality for individuals with osteoporosis under which conditions?

When walking is painful or risky

Which is most true of spinal cord injury?

Greater than 80% of all spinal cord injuries occur in men.

In spinal cord injury, there is a risk of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during exercise, which occurs due to increase release of catecholamines, which results in

a spike in blood pressure.

During locomotor exercise, individuals with spinal cord injury are at risk for

orthostatic hypotension.

The visual numeric pain scale is an appropriate way to monitor pain levels during exercise testing in an individual with osteoarthritis. (8)

true(8)

An exercise prescription for individuals with arthritis should include all of the following functional exercises, except

abdominal crunches.

Which is most true of cancer?

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States.

 Observational studies suggest that participation in regular and sufficient amounts of PA after diagnosis of early-stage, potentially curable, cancer is associated with a lower risk of cancer-specific mortality in all forms of cancer except

stomach.

What percentage of U.S. adults are likely to experience an anxiety disorder?

~35%

Individuals with anxiety and/or depression should be screened for medication use prior to exercise testing. The primary medication to consider is ________, as it may cause drowsiness and poor coordination as well as reduce the plasma catecholamine response to exercise.

benzodiazepines

The cumulative frequency of exercise matters for individuals with depressive disorders. In fact, programs lasting ____ or more days consistently reduce depressive symptoms in individual samples.

13

Exercise is an evidence-based practice for individuals with ASD, cited as effective for many behaviors, except

increasing self-aggression.

Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. (9)

true (9)

For individuals with cerebral palsy, it may be necessary to use adaptive equipment during exercise testing, such as

straps or holding gloves.

Individuals with cerebral palsy have a higher risk of _______ compared to individuals without CP; therefore, making leg ergometry and hand cycling preferred modalities to minimize risk of falls and fractures.

osteoporosis

Prior to exercise testing or exercise participation, individuals with Down syndrome should be assessed for factors related to

joint instability cardiovascular impairments.

Which is not a recommended test for balance and motor skill in individuals with intellectual disability?

Sit and reach test

In Parkinson’s disease, “the impairment in balance that compromises the ability to maintain or change posture such as standing and walking” refers to

postural instability.

For individuals with Parkinson’s disease, clinical balance tests include all but which of the following?

Sit and reach

The underlying assumption that individuals have three primary psychosocial needs that they are trying to satisfy describes which theory/model?

Self-determination theory

Which of these theories/models recognizes the relations between an individual and his or her physical environment?

Social ecological model

Which behavioral theory focuses on the conscious and nonconscious aspects of behavior?

Dual processing theories

Decisional balance is a key component of which model/theory?

Transtheoretical model

Family, spouse, peers, schools, and workplaces are all components of what social ecological level?

Social environment

Observing and recording behavior is part of

self-monitoring.

The SMARTS principle is used as part of

goal setting.

Motivational interviewing can best be described as

a counseling approach that uses individual-centered goal setting to help develop a self-change intervention

Reviews of randomized trials have not identified differences in exercise adherence when different combinations of frequency and time are used to achieve the same total volume of PA. (10)

true (10)

Individuals who have an exercise leader that utilizes a socially supportive leadership style report greater self-efficacy, more energy, more enjoyment, stronger intentions to exercise, less fatigue, and less concern about embarrassment. (11)

true (11)

When an individual is encouraged to reward themselves, they are applying the principles of

reinforcement.

Individuals are more likely to adhere to an exercise program if they are doing the activity for extrinsic reasons.

False

Developing strategies to overcome setbacks to a PA program is part of

relapse prevention.

When considering the SMARTS principles, the M refers to:

motivation

Which model/theory is most suitable for understanding and intervening with populations that are motivated to be physically active primary for health reasons?

Health belief model

 According to the transtheoretical model, environmental reevaluation refers to

caring about consequences to others.

Which of the following principles has been successfully used to improve cohesion and lower dropout rates among exercise groups?

Distinctiveness or creating a group identity

Which statement about exercise intensity is most true?

Those with more experience fare better with higher intensity exercises

Discussing relapse prevention strategies helps to facilitate which of the following stage transitions within the TTM?

Action to maintenance

Exercise mode is directly related to exercise adherence. (12)

false (12)

The individual, behavior, and environment all interact to influence future behavior describes what theory?

Social cognitive theory

Which of these theories/models stems from the intuitive appeal that individuals are at different stages of readiness to make behavioral changes?

Transtheoretical model

An individual’s beliefs about whether or not he or she is susceptible to disease, and the individual’s perceptions of the benefits of trying to avoid it, describes which theory/model?

Health belief model