First Aid

Lacerations and punctures

A deep wound from something sharp or pointed

Possible cause for lacerations and punctures

Glass, nails, ceramic

Sign of laceration and punctures

Pain, bleeding, swelling or puss

Laceration and punctures EAP

1. Sterile gloves

2. Cover wound to stop bleeding

3. Call 911 based on severity

Hypothermia and Frostbite

Hypothermia: When body temp is under 95 degrees F

Frostbite: When skin freezes

Possible cause for hypothermia and frostbite

Cold weather, wet clothing

Sign or symptom of hypothermia and frostbite

Hypothermia: shivering, confusion

Frostbite: tingling, numb skin

Hypothermia and frostbite EAP

1. Warm place

2. Remove wet clothing

3. Slowly reheat

Concussions

Stunning and damaging effects of a hard blow

Possible cause for concussions

Hitting head

Sign or symptom of concussion

Headache, confusion, vomiting

Concussions EAP

1. Stop doing anything

2. Rest

3. Avoid bright and flashing lights

Fractures and dislocations

Fracture: cracking or breaking bone

Dislocation: Bones displaced or moved around

Cause for fractures and dislocations

Falling, sports

Sign of fractures or dislocations

Fractures: Pain, swelling

Dislocations: Joint instability

Fracture and Dislocations EAP

1. Elevate above heart

2. Ice

3. Call 911

Heat stroke

Condition for body overheating

Possible cause for heat stroke

Dehydrated, exercising

Sign of heat stroke

High temp, change in behavior, nausea

Heat stroke EAP

1. Recognize signs

2. Get indoors

3. Remove clothing

Hypovolemic shock

Severe blood or fluid loss, heart not able to pump blood

Possible cause for hypovolemic shock

Wounds, gunshot, stab, internal bleeding

Sign or symptom of hypovolemic shock

Confusion, unconsciousness, rapid breathing

Hypovolemic shock EAP

1. Keep warm and comfortable

2. Lay flat and raise legs

3. Try to stop bleeding

Snake, deer tick bite, and bee sting

Snake: wound from fang

Deer tick bite: tick attacking for food

Bee sting: Injury from bee venom

Possible cause for snake, deer tick bite, and bee sting

Snake: defense

Deer tick bite: attacking for food

Bee: defense

Symptom of snake, deer tick bite, or bee sting

Snake: bleeding, puncture wounds

Deer tick bite: lyme disease

Bee: Itching, swollen

Snakes, deer tick bite, and bee sting EAP

1. Call 911

2. Raise above head and lie down

3. Clean wound and put bandage

Anaphylactic shock

Severe allergic reaction, sudden drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing

Possible cause for anaphylactic shock

Nuts, dairy, wasps

Sign of anaphylactic shock

Hives, swelling, difficulty breathing

Anaphylactic shock EAP

1. Use epipen

2. Call 911

3. Lay down and elevate legs

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns

Tissue damage from heat

1st: superficial

2nd: Outer skin

3rd: Kill skin to fatty tissue

Possible cause for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns

Fire, hot object, hot liquid

Sign of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns

Blisters, pain, peeling skin

1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns EAP

1. Cool burn

2. Run underwater for 15-20 minutes

3. Remove jewlery or tight clothing