Biochemistry
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53 Terms
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pH of 0-6.9 is
acidic
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Atoms are the
basic unit of matter
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pH of 7.1-14 is
basic
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biochemistry is the study of
elements and compounds in living organisms
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pH stands for
percent hydrogen
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carbohydrates are always
ring shaped
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protons are
positively charged
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electrons are
negatively charged
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monomer
a single subunit / basic unit of a compound
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an element is the
most basic form of any pure material
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a compound is a
combination of two or more different elements
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H2O is a
compound
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nucleotide is the monomer to
nucleic acid
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hydrogen (H) is a
element
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Polymer
a chain of 3 (or more) monomers
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macronutrients
nutrients needed in large quantities in the body
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pH of 7.0 is
neutral
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What are some of the major macronutrients
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
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micronutrients
nutrients needed in small quantities in the body
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what must a compound contain to be considered organic?
Hydrogen and Carbon (bioCHemistry)
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neutrons are
neutrally charged
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carbohydrate is a
organic compound
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3 fatty acids + glycerol is the monomer to
lipids
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nucleic acid is a
organic compound
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amino acids are a
monomer
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protein is the compound to
amino acids
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monosaccharide is the monomer to
carbohydrates
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proteins always have
carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N)
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what are proteins used for?
enzymes, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, muscles, and body structure
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carbohydrates are used for
primary energy source, cell walls (plant cells), starch, chitin (exoskeleton)
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lipids have
a long chain of glycerol (E shaped)
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Nucleic acids only have
2 DNA and RNA
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uses of nucleic acids
controls traits protein production
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dehydration synthesis
to join molecules together by removing the water
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removing water makes a molecule
complex
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hydrolysis
to add water to spilt a molecule apart
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adding water to a molecule makes it
simple
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catalyst is a chemical that
speeds up chemical reactions without being changed by the reaction
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enzymes are
protein catalysts
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can enzymes be reused
yes
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what do enzymes do to molecules
break apart and put together molecules
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most enzymes end in
ase
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substrate is
the molecule that a enzyme if working on
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product is
the molocule(s) created by an enzyme
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denaturing enzymes
when extreme conditions cause the enzyme to change shape
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what changes shape when an enzyme denatures
the active site
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why is it a problem that the active site changes shape
the nutrients will no longer fit
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what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too hot
it denatures
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what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too cold
it slows down
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what is the ideal temperature for enzymes
room temperature
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what is the ideal pH for enzymes
neutral
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what happens to an enzyme when the pH is too basic
it denatures
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what happens to an enzyme when the pH is too acidic
it denatures
Note 
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