Biochemistry

pH of 0-6.9 is

acidic

Atoms are the

basic unit of matter

pH of 7.1-14 is

basic

biochemistry is the study of

elements and compounds in living organisms

pH stands for

percent hydrogen

carbohydrates are always

ring shaped

protons are

positively charged

electrons are

negatively charged

monomer

a single subunit / basic unit of a compound

an element is the

most basic form of any pure material

a compound is a

combination of two or more different elements

H2O is a

compound

nucleotide is the monomer to

nucleic acid

hydrogen (H) is a

element

Polymer

a chain of 3 (or more) monomers

macronutrients

nutrients needed in large quantities in the body

pH of 7.0 is

neutral

What are some of the major macronutrients

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen

micronutrients

nutrients needed in small quantities in the body

what must a compound contain to be considered organic?

Hydrogen and Carbon (bioCHemistry)

neutrons are

neutrally charged

carbohydrate is a

organic compound

3 fatty acids + glycerol is the monomer to

lipids

nucleic acid is a

organic compound

amino acids are a

monomer

protein is the compound to

amino acids

monosaccharide is the monomer to

carbohydrates

proteins always have

carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N)

what are proteins used for?

enzymes, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, muscles, and body structure

carbohydrates are used for

primary energy source, cell walls (plant cells), starch, chitin (exoskeleton)

lipids have

a long chain of glycerol (E shaped)

Nucleic acids only have

2 DNA and RNA

uses of nucleic acids

controls traits protein production

dehydration synthesis

to join molecules together by removing the water

removing water makes a molecule

complex

hydrolysis

to add water to spilt a molecule apart

adding water to a molecule makes it

simple

catalyst is a chemical that

speeds up chemical reactions without being changed by the reaction

enzymes are

protein catalysts

can enzymes be reused

yes

what do enzymes do to molecules

break apart and put together molecules

most enzymes end in

ase

substrate is

the molecule that a enzyme if working on

product is

the molocule(s) created by an enzyme

denaturing enzymes

when extreme conditions cause the enzyme to change shape

what changes shape when an enzyme denatures

the active site

why is it a problem that the active site changes shape

the nutrients will no longer fit

what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too hot

it denatures

what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is too cold

it slows down

what is the ideal temperature for enzymes

room temperature

what is the ideal pH for enzymes

neutral

what happens to an enzyme when the pH is too basic

it denatures

what happens to an enzyme when the pH is too acidic

it denatures