Biology Test Unit 1

Cytoplasm

A thick, gel-like fluid that fills the inside of a cell and surrounds its internal structures

Nucleus

Stores most of the cell’s genetic information (DNA)

Ribosome

Makes proteins

Cell Wall

Protects, supports and maintains the shape of the cell.

(ONLY IN PLANT CELLS)

Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

Post office - Modifies, sorts, packages and ships products of the Endoplasmic Reticulum through the cell.

Cell membrane (Plasma membrane)

Boundary of the cell and determines what goes in and out of the cell.

Vacuole

Stores water and nutrients

Cilia

A piece of the cytoskeleton that extends outside of the cell and lets it move by beating back and forth.

Flagella

A piece of the cytoskeleton that extends outside of the cell and lets it move by rotating/propelling.

Lysosomes

Breaks down waste using enzymes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Creates lipids, breaks down carbohydrates, and breaks down toxins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Creates proteins because it contains bound ribosomes.

Nucleolus

Creates ribosomes.

Cytoskeleton

Gives a cell its shape, structural support, holds things in place and guides transport and secretory vesicles.

Transport vesicles

Transports materials from one membrane bound organelle to another.

Secretory vesicles

Transport materials to the plasma membrane to be released from the cell.

Mitochondria

Converts food energy into usable energy (ATP)

Chloroplasts

Converts sunlight into sugars.

Three reasons why scientists believe the endosymbiotic theory.

• Double membrane

• Replicate similairly to ancient prokayotes

• Have their own DNA