English word semantics

Takeover (SYN)

acquisitions

disadvantage (SYN)

diseconomy

Advantages and profits gained by combining ideas and resources (SYN)

synergy/synergies

to amalgamate (SYN)

merged

a highly automated business (SYN)

a highly mechanized/capitalized business

CSR, corporate social responsibility (HYP)

paying for ethically sourced products, community development projects, etc.

profit tax (SYN)

corporate tax

charachteristic of a small business (HYP)

11-50 employees, 2-10 million revenue, 2-10 millions euro in capital employed

growth, maximizing profit (SUP)

business objectives

the smallest type of business (SYN)

micro-enterprises

growth through integration (HYP)

horizontal, forward vertical, backward vertical, conglomerate

market developement (ANT)

market penetration, (diversification, product developement = ansoff matrix)

benefit of MBO (HYP)

management by objectives empowerment of staff through delegation and control, motivational tool, clear individual targets

long-term goal (SYN)

aim

Integration (ANT)

internal growth

growth (ANT)

contraction

comparative size (ANT)

absolute

rigid business culture (ANT)

adaptive

New activities (ANT)

core

people culture (ANT)

task culture

Maximizing (ANT)

satisficing

small firms (ANT)

large

exchange rate stability (SUP)

economic objective of governments

flattening of organisation charts (SYN)

delayering

excise duties (SUP)

tax

macro-economic policy (HYP)

fiscal/monetary policy

labour market (SUP)

factor market

industrial tribunal (SYN)

labour tribunal

predatory pricing (SUP)

marketing strategy

barriers to market entry (HYP)

absolute cost advantages, acces to inputs, government policy, economies of scale, capital requirements

labour force (SYN)

working population

cyclical unemployment (SYN)

demand deficient unemployment

employed population (SYN)

workforce in employement

unemployed (SYN)

out of work

joblessness (SYN)

unemployement

deflationary (ANT)

inflationary

demand-pull (ANT)

cost-push

slumping (ANT)

booming

cutting-edge (ANT)

obsolete/outdated

Budget (ANT)

deficit

personal (ANT)

mediated/vicarious

Financial (ANT)

social/green/environmental

Currency (exchange rate) (ANT)

depreciation

i.e the sum of consumer expenditure, investment expenditure, government expenditure and net exports (SYN)

aggregate

protecting yoursel againt the financial risk of currency changes (SYN)

hedging

environmentally safe (SYN)

green/ecological

legally responsible for damage caused by someone else (SYN)

vicarious

independent checks (SYN)

audits

to create (ANT)

shedding / axing / getting rid of / cutting / dumping / slashing

permanent (ANT)

temporary

enforced/compulsory (ANT)

voluntary

satisfaction (ANT)

dissatisfaction

to expand (ANT)

contract/shrink/downsize/retrench

working conditions (SYN)

employment/labour conditions

unlawful strike (SYN)

illegal/wildcat

employee's association (ANT)

labour union US / trade union

pay offer (ANT)

claim

low-paid jobs (ANT)

well-paid / highly paid

to break off negotiations (ANT)

to resume / to pick up

wild-cat / picketing (SUP)

forms of industrial action

wrongful dismissal (SYN)

illegal / unlawful

labour laws (SYN)

employement laws

to exercise control over (SYN)

to expert

minutes of meetings, letters, memo (SUP)

business document

steady (ANT)

casual

taxing job (SYN)

demanding/difficult/exhausting/tiring

absenteeism (ANT)

presenteeism

popular brand (SYN)

well-known / best-selling / A

problem child (ANT)

cash cow

new product pricing strategy (HYP)

market skimming / penetration / psychological pricing

the market for welding robots (SUP)

industrial market / factor market

all over the shop (SYN)

ubiquitous

informative advertising (ANT)

persuasive

a stage of the PLC (HYP)

launch / introduction / growth / maturity / decline / withdrawal

Delhaize plus or happy days card (SUP)

loyalty cards

multiple store (SYN)

chain store

to slash prices (ANT)

to raise / to increase / to push up

to slash prices (SYN)

to cut / to axe / to lower / to decrease

below-the-line promotion (HYP)

price deals (10% off), loyalty cards, money off coupons, point of sale displays, games and competitions

competitors actions, resource limits and market conditions (SUP)

constraints on marketing strategy

to subcontract work (SYN)

to outsource / to farm out

bulk buying economies (SYN)

purchasing economies

to turn away clients (SYN)

to refuse / to turn down

continuous improvement (SYN)

Kaizen

obsolete goods (SYN)

outdated

spare time (SYN)

lead time / free time

to lie idle (ANT)

to work at full capacity

to economize (ANT)

to splurge / to spend / to squander

theoretical understanding (ANT)

hands-on experience

simultaneous engineering (ANT)

sequential engineering

one-off change (ANT)

Kaizen or continuous improvement

EST earliest start time (ANT)

LFT latest finish time (CPA = critical path analysis)

stock (HYP)

components / finished goods / raw materials

management planning tool (HYP)

SWOT analysis / JIT / PEST

stock of controle technique (HYP)

JIT / JIC

banks / building societies / business angels (SUP)

external sources of finance

Cost of rent / heating of offices (SUP)

overheads / fixed costs

identifying areas of the business that need to improve (SUP)

bench marking

quick ratio (SYN)

accid test current assests-inventory / current liabilities

to adjust income statements (SYN)

to modify, to doctor, to massage