CH 7 Lecture Anatomy and Clinical Manifestations of the Integumentary System Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover skin layers, common skin conditions, temperature regulation mechanisms, and burn assessment based on the lecture notes.

Subcutaneous (SubQ)

A type of injection where the needle goes into the fat layer; common for heparin, peptides, and insulin.

Melanocytes

Cells found at the bottom of tissues or skin that produce melanin for pigmentation and protect organs from UV damage.

Melanin

The pigment released by melanocytes that causes tanning and determines skin color.

Albinism

A genetic condition characterized by the inability to produce melanin, resulting in no color in the hair, eyelids, or lips.

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxemia (low oxygen in the blood).

Ischemia

Pain caused by a lack of blood flow and oxygen to a specific area, such as the chest or feet.

Jaundice

A yellowing of the skin and sclera caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, often due to liver or gallbladder issues.

Sclera

The white part of the eye, which is a key location to check for signs of jaundice.

Capillary Refill Test

A test of heart function where pressure is applied to the nail; the color should return to red within $3\,\text{seconds}$.

Clubbing

A non-reversible condition where fingernail capillaries grow to capture more oxygen, often indicating chronic heart failure or lack of oxygen.

Apocrine Glands

Sweat glands located in the armpits and groin that produce a stickier sweat that can trap bacteria and cause odor; they become more active during puberty.

Eccrine Glands

Regular sudoriferous sweat glands found throughout most of the body.

Ceruminous Glands

Modified sweat glands that release earwax.

Mammary Glands

Modified sweat glands that produce milk.

Vernix

A protective layer of fat that covers a newborn's skin to prevent deterioration from the amniotic fluid sac.

Hypothalamus

The 'thermostat of the brain' that regulates body temperature by contracting or dilating arteries and triggering sweat glands.

Thyroid

The gland responsible for metabolism and creating energy and heat for the body.

Radiation

The loss of body heat into a colder environment, such as a cold room.

Conduction

The transfer of heat through direct contact, such as when a cooling blanket pulls warmth from a body.

Convection

The process of cooling off via moving air, such as from a fan.

Evaporation

A cooling mechanism where the body loses heat as sweat turns into vapor.

Brown Fat

Adipose tissue used by babies to produce heat through nonshivering thermogenesis since they lack the muscle tone to shiver.

Heat Stroke

A life-threatening condition where excessive water loss causes vessels to shrink, cutting off circulation to the brain.

Hypothermia

A condition where the body's internal temperature drops below $95^{\circ}F$, potentially leading to organ failure.

First-degree Burn

A burn that destroys only the first layer of skin (the epidermis).

Second-degree Burn

A burn that penetrates to the second layer (the dermis), typically identified by the presence of blisters.

Rule of Nines

An assessment tool to calculate the percentage of burned surface area, such as $9\%$ for the whole face or $18\%$ for a leg.

Eschar

Dead, burnt tissue that can become a tourniquet, potentially impairing circulation or chest expansion.

ABCs

The priority sequence for emergency intervention: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.