Gram positive bacteria

Streptomyces

Made about 2/3 of all antibiotics. Can also help matke antibacterials, anticancer, antiparasitic, antifungal, and immunosuppressants

Actinobacteriota

Most are aerobic. Make hyphae filaments instead of rods or cocci.

Septae

divide hyphae into long cells with several nucleoids

substrate myceullum

dense mat of yphae. If it grows up, it’s aerial mycelium that’s fuzzy

Spores of actinomycetes

Hyphae septate to make spores ( exospores because they don’t develop with a mother cell). Could also be sporangiospores if located in sproangium sheath like body that can survive harsh conditions and play a role in reproduction.

4 important genera in Actinomycetales

Actinomyces, Bifidobacteria, Arthrobacteria and Micrococcus; all degrade chitin, pectin, and cellulose. They are significant for their role in soil ecology and organic matter decomposition.

actinomyces

straight/curved rods or tender filaments with branching. Are either facultative or strict anerobes. Like oral cavities of animals

Bifidobacterium

non motile, anaerobic gram positive rods found in mouth and intestinal tracts of mammals and insects.

Micrococcus

aerobic gram postive cocci that occurs in pairs or tetrads. doesn’t change morphologically

Mycobacteriales

Mycobacterium, corynebacterium, necardia, and Rhodococus. Differ from other gram positives because they have a DIDERM cell envelopeand a high lipid content in their cell walls, making them resistant to certain stains.

Mycomembrane

outside of peptidoglycan and is the second membrane of mycobacteriales

Mycobacterium

slightly curved or stright rods, sometimes branch or form filaments. Aerobic and catalase positive. Slow growth and cell envelop is made of covalently linked mycolic acids→complex fatty acids

corynebacterium species

aerobic, faculatative, catalase positive slightly curved rods with club shapes. 2 layered cell wall that causes snapping division

Snapping division

cell division that’s caused by tearing outer layer apart and new cells rest at an angle to each other held together by remaining portion of outer layer

Nocardia

soil flora that break down rubber joints in sewars and form substrate mycella with hypahe. Oppurtunisitc pathogens that can invade lungs and CNS

Rhodococcus

found in soils and aquatic habitats, degrade petroleum

Propionibacterium and Cutibacterium

pleomorphic, facultative anerobes, ferment lactate and sugars to produce propionic acetic acids. found in GI tract and skin

Streptomyces

Strict anerobeds, multicullulatirty of single exospores producing long substatre hypahe. Used to produce antibiotics, reason mosit earth smells

Streptococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Lactococcus. Catalase negative gram positive cocci. Can be pathogenic

bacillus

aerobic and falcutative, catalase-positive, endospore-forming chemoorganotrophic rods and usually are motile.

Staphlococcus

found on skin and mucous membranes. Some are bethemolytic.

Lactobacillales.

Strictyly fermentative and produce lactic acid as major fermantation product. Streptococcus, Enterococcus, lactococus, Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc are apart of it.

Lactobacillus

largest genus of Lacktobacillales. normal human flora ( can be found in the coochie). used to ferment veggies, breads, make cheese, yougurt and sausage

Mycoplasma

lack cell walls. Cells are bound by plasma membrane so = pleomorphic. Looks like eggs when grown. 10% of mammalian cultures are contaminated by this.

Clostridium

anaerobic and form heat resistant endospores. Pa

pathogenic Clostridium

produce toxins that can CAUSE diseases. Can also cause gas gangrene in deep tissue infections