AP PHYSICS 1 REVIEW 1

vector

quantity that involves both magnitude and direction

scalar

a quantity that does not involve a direction

average speed formula

total distance/ time

d/t

slope of velocity-versus-time graph

acceleration

Newton's second law

Newton's third law

for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction (action/ reaction pair)

newton

kg m/s^2

unit of force

inertia

the property of objects to naturally resist changes in their states of motion

weight (of an object)

the gravitational force exerted on it by the Earth or whatever planet Fw or Fg= mg

normal force

component of force that's perpendicular to the surface

free-body diagram

A diagram that shows all the forces acting on an object

friction force

the component of the contact force that's parallel to the surface

static friction

occurs when there is no motion between two objects (friction that holds an object still)

mu

coefficient of friction

kinetic friction

occurs when there is relative motion (when there's sliding)

kinetic energy

the energy of an object due to motion

K= .5mv^2

potential energy

the energy an object or system has by virtue of its position

Ug - gravitational potential energy

△Ug= mg△h

uniform circular motion

-speed is constant

- velocity is not constant because the direction of velocity is always changing

-in order to produce acceleration there must be a force towards the center

centripetal force

Caused by something - friction, tension, gravity. Always points towards the center.

newton's law of gravitation

any two objects in the universe exert an attractive force on each other called the gravitational force

universal gravitational constant (G)=

6.7 E-11Nkg^2/m^2

gravitational force

r is the distance between the two objects

torque

-a property of force that makes an object rotate

- NOT A FORCE

- theta = angle between force and object

equilibrium

- sum of all forces acting on an object is 0: F net=0

rotational equilibrium

- sum of all torques on an object is 0: T net = 0

static equilibrium

an object is at rest

rotational inertia

also known as the moment of inertia

-the tendency of an object in motion to rotate until acted upon by an outside force

Joule

unit of energy; Nm

meter

Unit of distance or displacement.

second

Unit of time.

Greater

The longer the lever arm, the ... the torque.

Less

The less the force applied, the ... the torque.

decreases

As the distance from a planet increases, the velocity to orbit at that location ...

increases

As the distance from the planet decreases, the force of gravity at that location ...

inverse square

Gravitational force is what type of formula?

artificial gravity

Can be produced by a slow spin on a portion of a space ship.

sine

Trig function - opposite/hypotenuse

cosine

Trig function - adjacent/hypotenuse

tangent

Trig function - opposite/adjacent

tension

Type of force in a cable or rope

atwood machine

A single pulley with two different masses, allowed to accelerate under the influence of gravity

doubles

If you double one mass, what happens to the Fg between two masses?

quadruples

If you decrease the distance between two masses to half, what happens to the Fg between them?

increases 9 fold

If you triple your velocity, what happens to the stopping distance required for decent tires?

Period

Time for one rotation or revolution

frequency

number of rotations/second

T = 1/f

Formula for the relationship between period and frequency

add

If you have a mass moving up an incline, what do you do with the force down the incline and the force of friction?

terminal velocity

Fastest falling speed; due to air resistance

Hooke's Law

F = -kx

45

angle for the best range for a projectile

90

angle for longest hand time for a projectile

down

What direction does gravity always point?

apex

The name for the tippy top of a trajectory for an upwardly fired projectile.

linear velocity

angular velocity/r

gm1/(m1+m2)

acceleration for something falling and pulling another object along

Watt

The unit of power; J/s

College Board

Who is evil?

Fun

What do you not have enough of?

Dunigan

Who makes AP physics tolerable?

labs

What is AP Physics missing because the cotton headed ninny muggines at CB think 10 a year are enough?

Anything above a 50 on an AP physics exam

What's a reason to celebrate?

kinetic and rotational energy

When a ball is rolling down an incline it is converting potential energy into ...

hollow

Between a hollow and a solid ball, the one with the most rotational inertia, who gets to the bottom last is ...

atwood machine, baby

a(m2-m1)/(m2 + m1)

N/m

unit for the spring constant

1000

How many mm in a m?

100

How many cm in a m?

3600

How many seconds in a hour?

6.28

How many radians in a single rotation?

Newton

unit of force

m/s/s

unit for acceleration

m/s

SI unit for speed

Vector

A quantity that has magnitude and direction

kilogram

SI unit for mass

N m

unit for torque

lever arm (moment arm)

the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to a line along which the force acts

torque = I alpha

Newton's second law in rotational variables

L=Iw

Momentum in rotational variables

F=ma

Newton's Second Law

Equilibrium

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

p=mv

formula for momentum

conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes

conservation of momentum

the total momentum of a system of objects does not change, as long as no outside forces are acting on that system

conservation of angular momentum

as long as there is no external torque, the total angular momentum of a set of interacting objects cannot change

moment of inertia

the resistance to rotation

Momentum

The product of an object's mass and velocity

Omega

variable for angular velocity

alpha

variable for angular acceleration

rotations/s

unit for rotational frequency

period

the time required for one cycle, a complete motion that returns to its starting point

centripetal force

a force that acts on a body moving in a circular path and is directed toward the center around which the body is moving.

gravity

A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses.

impulse

change in momentum

.5kx^2

spring energy equation

gravitational potential energy

Energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's surface.

kinetic energy formula

KE=1/2mv^2

Rotational Kinetic Energy Equation

K = (1/2)I(ω^2)

Torque equation

T=Fr

mass on it and the spring constant

What determines the period of a spring?