Cell recognition and the immune system: HIV and ELISA

What are 4 structures on a virus?

• Attachment protein

• Viral genome

• Envelope

• Capsid

Where does virus replication occur?

Inside of host cells

What is in the HIV core? What are these required for?

• RNA and enzyme reverse transcriptase

• Viral replication

What is the capsid and where is it located?

• Outer protein coat

• Surrounding the viral genome

What is the envelope and what is it made out of?

• Extra outer layer

• Made out of membrane taken from host cell’s membrane

Where are attachment proteins located and what do they enable the virus to do?

• On the exterior of the envelope

• Enable virus to attach to the helper T cells

When is HIV classed as AIDs?

When replicating virus in helper T cells interferes with the normal functioning of the immune system

Define antibodies

Proteins which have binding sites complementary in shape to certain antigens

Define monoclonal antibody

​Identical antibodies that have been produced by a plasma cell that has been cloned from a parent cell

Give 3 uses of monoclonal antibodies

• Medical treatment

• Medical diagnosis

• Pregnancy tests

Give 3 medical treatments using monoclonal antibodies

• Blocking cell division (direct monoclonal antibody therapy)

• Delivering harmful substances (indirect monoclonal antibody therapy)

• Flagging cells to signal for immune cells to destroy