Poultry and Livestock Housing, Breeds, and Waste Management

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering poultry housing, equipment, livestock breeds, animal feeding, sanitation, waste management regulations, and animal products.

What criteria should be considered when choosing the location for a poultry house?

A poultry house should be easily accessible to service roads, have good airflow and ventilation, not be in low-lying areas where water accumulates, be away from residential areas to prevent poultry odor issues, and provide suitable environmental conditions.

Why should poultry buildings generally be oriented from east to west?

Orienting poultry buildings from east to west helps optimize natural lighting and airflow.

What is the main difference between open-sided housing and enclosed housing for poultry?

Open-sided housing allows natural ventilation when natural airflow is desirable, whereas enclosed housing provides greater environmental control and is more appropriate in areas with extreme weather conditions.

What is the proper action to take if poultry bedding becomes wet and dirty?

The wet bedding should be replaced. Water should not be added, ventilation should not be closed, and feeding/watering equipment should not be removed.

How do an incubator and a brooder differ in poultry management?

An incubator is used to hatch eggs safely and efficiently by controlling temperature, humidity, and egg turning, whereas a brooder provides warmth to newly hatched chicks.

What equipment is used when farmers want to maximize the number of chickens housed in a limited space?

Chicken cage.

What is the function of a debeaking machine?

It is used for debeaking or trimming the beak of poultry.

What are the primary characteristics of the Arbor Acres chicken breed?

Arbor Acres is mainly raised for meat production and is associated with the "45-day-old chicken".

What is the White Leghorn chicken breed known for?

It is an excellent egg-producing breed known for laying large white eggs frequently.

How many eggs can a Khaki Campbell Duck produce per year?

It can produce more than 300 large eggs per year.

Which quail breed is described as highly productive and suitable for commercial layer farming?

Japanese/Taiwan Quail.

Besides Japanese/Taiwan Quail, what other quail varieties are mentioned in the text?

Native Quail, Negro Quail, and Tuxedo Quail.

What is the main characteristic and primary farming application of Holstein Cattle?

Holstein Cattle are known for producing a high volume of milk and are suitable for dairy farming.

Why are Brangus Cattle useful for challenging environments?

Because Brangus Cattle combine disease resistance, adaptability, and good meat quality.

What are the main characteristics of Hampshire and Dorset sheep breeds?

Hampshire sheep are known for fast growth and good meat production, while Dorset sheep are known for their ability to produce lambs year-round.

What is feed formulation and why is it important?

Feed formulation is the process of combining ingredients to meet the nutritional requirements of animals, which are needed for growth, reproduction, and overall health.

What is Republic Act No. 9003?

Republic Act No. 9003 is the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, which provides guidelines for proper handling, waste separation, recycling, and disposal of solid waste.

What is an example of biodegradable farm waste?

Animal manure.

What are examples of recyclable waste generated on a farm?

Feed sacks, plastic bottles, and reusable containers.

What constitutes hazardous farm waste according to the notes?

Expired veterinary drugs or medicine containers.

Where should manure be temporarily stored before composting?

In a covered pit or shed (never beside a river, in an open field, or near canals).

What are the five steps in the farm waste management process in order?

1. Production (waste is generated), 2. Collection (waste is gathered), 3. Transfer (waste is moved), 4. Processing (waste is treated, recycled, or composted), and 5. Utilization (useful products are used), represented as $\text{Production} \rightarrow \text{Collection} \rightarrow \text{Transfer} \rightarrow \text{Processing} \rightarrow \text{Utilization}$.

What are the four sequential steps of the best farm waste-management plan?

Segregate (separate the wastes) $\rightarrow$ Recycle (recycle usable materials) $\rightarrow$ Compost (compost manure) $\rightarrow$ Safe Disposal (safely dispose of hazardous waste).

What are the sources and common uses of hides/skin and wool?

Hides/skin come from poultry and livestock and are used in the leather industry; wool comes from cattle, goats, and sheep and is used in the textile industry.

What are the common uses for the animal by-products bones, fat/grease, horns, and hair?

Bones are used for bone meal, fertilizer, and tools; fat/grease for soap, industrial uses, and feed additives; horns (from cattle) for handicrafts, ornaments, and musical instruments; and hair (from swine) for brushes, paintbrushes, and industrial products.