metabolism 1 pt 2 energy production

oxidation

loses an electron

reduction

gains an electron

what are Oxidation-Reduction reactions

coupled

Dehydrogenation

movement of a hydrogen ion and an electron

Substrate level phosphorylation

the high energy phosphate is transferred from a substrate to ADP

Oxidative phosphorylation

electrons are transported down a chain of proteins and energy is produced by chemiosmosis

Substrate-level phosphorylation is the transfer of a

high-energy PO4- to ADP to produce ATP

passive transport mechanisms

Passive diffusion and Facilitated diffusion

Facilitated diffusion examples

Porins and Major intrinsic protein (MIP) family

active transport mechanisms

ATP-driven transport (ABC superfamily) and Uniport, Symport, Antiport

passive diffusion

diffusion that requires no energy to pass through membrane. it just dependent on the solute concentration (high to low) to carry it

facilitated diffusion

is a passive process that does not require energy for entry . It is dependent on the concentration gradient and has limited specificity

• need protein channel for some molecules to go thru

passive transport contains what type of energy

no energy

active transport contains what type of energy

energy input

in passive transport what uses facilitated diffusion:

small solutes and molecules

• water, ethanol, ammonia, oxygen, and apolar (hydrophobic compounds)

what do polar solutes (carbs) and charged molecules have a very low rate of

passive diffucsion

what do polar solutes (carbs) and charged molecules require

porins but not transporters

active transport are transporters that

require energy to move molecules across the cell memebrane against their concentration gradient

• move molecules from low to high concentration

primary active transports

couple transport against a concentration gradient to the hydrolysis of ATP

• ABC transporters

secondary active transporters

use energy stored in ion gradients to drive transport

• Uniporters, antiporters and symporters

Phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) transporters

help bacteria import sugars (glucose)

what are porins

water-filled pores

where are porins found

in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria

trimers

3 porins together to make a pore

non-specific porins

OmpC and OmpF

Specific porins

Maltose, Sucrose, nucleosides

where do Major intrinsic protein (MIP) family belong to

a large superfamily of transmembrane protein channels

where are Mips found

in the inner cell membrane on gram - and + bacteria)

what do mips allow for

facilitated diffusion of molecules

where are ABC transporters found in

the inner cell membrane

what small molecules do ABC transporters transport

Ions, Sugars, Amino acids

what large molecules do ABC transporters transport

Antibiotics, Lipids, Oligopeptides

what does ABC transport requires

the use of ATP

uniport

single solute; transport driven by concentration difference of solute

• ex: glycerol

Symport

two solutes transported simultaneously in same direction

antiport

two solutes transported in opposite directions

what does the Phosphotransferase System (PTS) allow

bacteria to import sugars like glucose to use as a source of energy.

what type of transport is PTS

active transport system