Chemistry Experiments Review

Flashcards for review of chemistry experiment lecture notes.

Androgynous Alcohol Preparation

Prepared using ethyl alcohol and calcium carbide, warmed in a water bath, then filtered.

Test for Water in Alcohol

Uses anhydrous copper sulfate (white turns blue upon absorbing water).

Anhydrous Alcohol Indicator

Remains white, showing no water presence.

Esterification

Reaction between ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid, producing a characteristic balloon scent.

Methyl Alcohol Esterification

Reacts with salicylic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to produce a minty odor.

Iodoform Test

Uses ethyl alcohol, water, 8N NaOH, and iodine solution to detect specific alcohols.

Iodoform Test Result

Positive result indicated by a yellow precipitate.

Oxidation of Alcohols

Uses potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid to oxidize alcohols, indicated by a vinegar-like odor and a color change to green for ethyl and isopropyl alcohol.

Lucas Test

Replaces the hydroxyl group with a halogen using HCl and ZnCl2 to differentiate alcohols based on reaction speed.

Formaldehyde Preparation

Prepared from methanol using a flamed copper spiral as a catalyst.

Schiff's Test

Used to test for aldehydes; formaldehyde gives a positive result.

Resorcinol Test

Uses resorcinol solution and concentrated sulfuric acid to detect certain compounds, indicated by pink on top and red at the bottom.

Silver Mirror Test (Tollens' Test)

Uses ammoniacal silver nitrate to detect aldehydes; formalin and benzaldehyde give a silver mirror.

Action of Formaldehyde on Proteins

Formalin affects the solubility of gelatin sheets in water.

Fehling's Test

Uses Fehling's solution to detect aldehydes; formalin gives a brick-red precipitate.

Auto-oxidation of Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde exposed to the atmosphere undergoes crystallization.

Addition of Sodium Bisulfite with Acetone Observation

Results in a cloudy bottom layer.

Iodoform Test with Acetone

Produces a yellow precipitate when acetone is reacted with sodium hydroxide and iodine solution.

Biuret Test

Detects proteins using egg albumin, NaOH, and CuSO4, indicated by purple rings.

Xanthoproteic Test

Detects aromatic amino acids in proteins using nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide; a clear precipitate indicates a negative result.

Millon's Test

Detects tyrosine in proteins using Millon's reagent, indicated by a red precipitate.

Molisch's Test for Proteins

Uses Molisch's reagent and concentrated sulfuric acid, indicated by purple bubbles on top and green precipitate at the bottom.

Sulfur Test

Detects sulfur in proteins using NaOH, acetic acid, and lead acetate-soaked filter paper, indicated by a yellowish precipitate.

Effect of Heat on Proteins

Egg albumin heated results in white crystals and a cloudy precipitate.

Mineral Acids on Proteins

Reacting egg albumin with concentrated nitric acid results in a cloudy precipitate on top and a yellowish bottom layer.

Heavy-Metal Salts on Proteins

Reacting egg albumin with copper sulfate, silver nitrate, and lead acetate yields blue, white, and white precipitates, respectively.

Alkaloidal Reagents on Proteins

Reacting egg albumin with tannic acid, potassium ferrocyanide, and picric acid yields brown, cloudy, and bright yellow precipitates, respectively.

Molisch Test for Carbohydrates

Uses Molisch reagent and conc sulfuric acid, resulting in a violet ring for glucose, sucrose and starch.

Phenylhydrazine Test

Reacting phenylhydrazine with glucose solution yields a yellow-orange precipitate.

Moore's Test

Boiling sucrose with NaOH is yellowish, while boiling glucose is red on top and yellow at the bottom.

Benedict's Test

Uses Benedict's solution to detect reducing sugars; glucose and lactose yield brick-red precipitates.

Sucrose Hydrolysis

Involves diluting sucrose with HCl, boiling, neutralizing with NaOH, and testing with Benedict's solution, resulting in orange and green colors.

Seliwanoff's Reagent

Remains clear during starch hydrolysis.

Miscibility Test

Tests the miscibility of coconut oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, and olive oil in water, ethanol, and chloroform.

Miscibility of Oils in Water

Oils form a layer above water.

Miscibility of Oils in Ethanol

Oils form a layer below ethanol.

Miscibility of Oils in Chloroform

Oils are miscible in chloroform.

Acrolein Test

Uses coconut oil or glycerol with KHSO4, producing a cooking oil/grease odor.

Unsaturation Test with Alcoholic Iodine

Coconut oil is dark orange, olive oil is light orange, linseed oil is dark orange, and cottonseed oil is light yellow-orange.

Saponification/Basic Hydrolysis

Involves reacting coconut oil with 10% NaOH solution.