AP Human Geography - Unit 2

Population Distribution

Pattern of human settlement

Population Density

Measure of how crowded a place is

Arithmetic Population Density

Population density calculated by dividing a region’s total population by it’s total area

Physiological Population Density

Population density calculated by diving a region’s total populatin by the amount of arable land

Arable Land

Land suitable for growing crops

Agricultural Population Density

Compares numbers of farmers to the area of arable land

Infastructure

Facilities and structures that allow people to do their daily activities

Carrying Capacity

The number of people a region can support without damaging the environment

Cohort

Age groups

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Number of births per year for each 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate

Average number of birth per female

Life Expectancy

The average number of years people live

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of children who die before their 1st birthday

Crude Death Rate

Number of deaths per year for each 1,000 people

Rate of Natural Increase

The percent a country’s population is growing or declining

Demographic Transition Model

Shows 5 typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

Epidemiological Transition Model

Explains changing death rates and common causes of deaths within societies

Malthusian Theory

A model that shows the relationship between food production and population

Overpopulation

When the world’s population is unsupportable

Boserup’s Theory

A model that suggests that as human population grows, food production will advance with it

Anti-Natalist Policies

Government policies that discourage births

Pro-Natalist Policies

Government policies that promote births

Dependency Ratio

The ratio comparing the working to the nonworking parts of a population

Migration

The permanent or semipermanent moving of people from one place to another

Voluntary Migration

Movement by choice

Push Factors

Factors that compel people to leave

Pull Factors

Factors that draw people in

Immigrant

A people who moved across an international border with intenet to stay permanently

Emigrant

People who migrate AWAY from somewhere

Migration Transition Model

A model that suggests a relationship between stages of the DTM and migration

Intervening Obstacles

Factors that make it difficult for a migrant to reach their desired destination

Distance Decay

The idea that places that are closely located are more connected that places that are farther apart

Forced migration

Involuntary movement due to political, environmental or cultural issues

Asylum

Protection of a immagrant from a country due to fear of harm or death

Internal Migration

Movement that occurs within a country

Transnational Migration

Movement that occurs from one country to another

Transhumance

The practice of herders moving with their animals as seasons change

Xenophobia

A strong dislike of people of another culture

Remittances

Money sent by migrants to friends or family in thier country of origin

Ethnic Enclaves

Neighborhoods filled with people of the same ethnic group (Little Italy, Chinatown etc.)