AP History Unit 1 Study Guide

How did Mayans pay taxes?

In the form of tribute such as crops

What architectural style was prominent in African kingdoms?

Stone architecture

What caused the decline of the Aztecs?

Rebellion against tribute, disease, and violence from the Spanish

What characterized the political structure of the Inca Empire?

Divided into four provinces, each with a governor

What cultural practice was common among women in the Islamic Empire?

Higher status than Christian or Jewish women, including rights to inherit and divorce

What dynasty in China is known for its internal trade and innovations?

Song Dynasty

What empire evolved from the Islamic Empire after the Mongols took over?

Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire

What event led to the decline of the Inca Empire?

Civil war after the emperor's death and diseases from the Spaniards

What form of beauty and status was practiced by upper-class women in Song Dynasty China?

Foot binding

What geographical feature in North Africa impacts trade routes?

Desert

What is a key reason for the decline of many African societies?

Agricultural issues or warfare

What is the capital of Japan?

Tokyo

What items were commonly traded from West Africa?

Gold, Ivory, Salt

What language emerged in South Asia that incorporates elements from Hindi and Persian?

Urdu

What language is a blend of Bantu and Arabic in East Africa?

Swahili

What led to the decline of the Mayans?

Disruption of trade, famine, deforestation, and warfare

What major agricultural advancement increased food production in China?

Champa Rice

What metal was commonly used for weapons in African kingdoms?

Iron

What religions spread to Africa?

Christianity and Islam

What roles did men and women typically have in African societies?

Men had specialized jobs; women had agricultural and domestic jobs

What significant event spread the Black Death in Europe?

Increased trade

What strict social hierarchy is found in South Asia?

Caste system

What system allowed for social mobility in Song Dynasty China?

Civil Service Exam

What system characterized medieval European society?

Feudalism

What system did the Aztecs use to control their provinces?

Tribute system

What technological advancement did the Islamic Empire adopt from China?

Paper making

What trade involved the exchange of gold and slaves in East Africa?

Indian Ocean Slave Trade

What trade network links East Africa to the Middle East and Asia?

Indian Ocean Trade

What type of government did the Mayans have?

City states ruled by kings with a theocracy

What type of kingdoms were prominent in Southeast Asia?

Sea-based and land-based kingdoms

What type of landscape is common in West Africa?

Grasslands

What type of religion did the Inca practice?

Polytheistic and animistic

What type of societal structure was common in many African societies?

Patriarchy

What types of slavery existed in Africa before European involvement?

Chattel, domestic, and debt bondage

What types of traditions did African societies typically maintain?

Animistic traditions

What unique architectural feature was built in Zimbabwe?

Defensive walls made without mortar

What was a common feature of the societies in the Americas?

Polytheistic worship and sacrificial ceremonies

What was a common practice in Mayan religious ceremonies?

Sacrifices

What was a major agricultural innovation in China during the Song Dynasty?

Use of manure, irrigation systems, and heavy plows

What was a significant contribution of the Islamic Empire to the Renaissance?

Preservation of Greek/Latin works

What was a significant feature of Aztec agriculture?

Aqueducts and floating gardens (chinampas)

What was the basis of early African societies?

Kin-based societies

What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?

Tenochtitlan

What was the dominant religion in Southern India before the arrival of Islam?

Hinduism

What was the Great Schism?

The division between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East

What was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad known for?

Center of learning between cultures

What was the impact of the compass on trade routes?

Led to the decline of the Silk Roads by aiding sea navigation

What was the impact of the Little Ice Age on Europe?

Lower temperatures led to less agriculture, more disease, unemployment, and crime

What was the impact of the Trans Sahara Trade Route?

Linked West Africa to the Middle East and beyond

What was the Inca's approach to tribute?

No tribute, just a labor system

What was the Inca's method for keeping numeric records?

Quipu

What was the Inca's system for public service?

Mita system

What was the main agricultural technique used by the Inca?

Terrace farming

What was the main characteristic of the political system in Korea compared to China?

More powerful aristocracy preventing reforms

What was the main reason for the decline of the Song Dynasty?

Corruption, infrastructure issues, and invasions by the Mongols

What was the primary agricultural product that contributed to population growth in China?

Rice

What was the primary architectural influence in Vietnam from China?

Chinese writing system and architectural style

What was the primary focus of the Islamic Empire's expansion?

Trade, missionaries, and tolerance towards conquered peoples

What was the primary religion that influenced Japan during the Heian Period?

Buddhism

What was the Renaissance?

A renewal of Greek and Latin arts, philosophy, and literature

What was the role of merchants in the Islamic Empire?

Held high status and facilitated trade

What was the role of priests in Inca society?

Important figures in religious and agricultural practices

What was the role of the Church in medieval Europe?

Important in art, education, reform, and war

What was the role of women in Aztec society?

Wives, priestesses, midwives, healers, merchants, and sometimes scribes

What was the significance of Chichen Itza?

An important pyramid used for astronomy by the Mayans

What was the significance of the Angkor Kingdom in Southeast Asia?

Complex irrigation and drainage system for rice

What was the significance of the Magna Carta?

It protected rights and established more representation

What was the significance of the tributary system in China?

Controlled trade and established relationships with neighboring states

What were important cultural elements in African societies?

Music, visual arts, storytelling

What were the main economic links of African societies?

Trade networks with Asia, Middle East, and Europe

What were the main trade routes used by China during the Song Dynasty?

Silk Roads and South China Sea

Where did the Mayans primarily reside?

Southern Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Guatemala

Which kingdom in West Africa had a centralized government?

Ghana

Which kingdom in West Africa was known for its trading society and notable rulers?

Mali

Who were the griots and griottes in African societies?

Historians and storytellers

Who were the most important figures in Mayan society?

Kings and priests