Lecture 2-5 - Nuclear Chemistry - Types of Nuclear Reactions

What is nuclear fission?

The process in which a heavy nucleus divides to form smaller nuclei and one or more neutrons.

What is the average energy released from fission of one atom of uranium-235?

Approximately 3.20 x 10^-11 J.

How much energy is released from 1 gram of uranium-235 undergoing fission?

Approximately 82 billion J (82,000,000,000 J).

What is a chain reaction in nuclear fission?

A series of reactions where fission neutrons cause further fission events.

What is the critical mass in the context of nuclear fission?

The minimum amount of uranium-235 required to maintain a chain reaction.

What happens when nuclear fission chain reactions are uncontrolled?

They can lead to destructive effects, such as those seen in atomic bombs.

What is the purpose of control rods in a nuclear reactor?

To absorb neutrons and control the chain reaction.

What role does the moderator play in a nuclear reactor?

To slow down neutrons to increase the likelihood of capturing them by fissionable nuclei.

What are hydrogen bombs also known as?

Thermonuclear bombs.

In a hydrogen bomb, what is the first stage of detonation?

A fission reaction that provides the temperature required for fusion.

What does RBE stand for in the context of radiation dosage?

Relative Biological Effectiveness.

Which form of radiation causes the most biological damage?

Alpha radiation.

What are some applications of nuclear chemistry in medicine?

Detection of diseases and treatment of cancer cells using radiation therapies.

What is an example of a chemical used in smoke detectors?

Americium-241.

How is the energy from nuclear fission used?

It can be converted to electricity and other useful forms of energy.

What is the role of coolant in a nuclear reactor?

To redirect heat generated away from the reactor core and convert it to steam.