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Identification test of Group 0 Ammonium (NH4+)
To a little of the salt solution sodium carbonate solution is added
observation
no precipitate
presence of group 0 (NH4+).
group 0 confirmatory 1
To a little of the salt solution NaOH solution is added
observation
colorless gas with smell of ammonia which gives dense white fumes with conc. HCl
presence of NH4+ is confirmed.
group 0 confirmatory 2
To a little of the salt solution nessler’s reagent is added
observation
brown precipitate formed
NH4+ confirmed.
Identification test for group 1 (Pb2+)
To a little of the salt solution dil. HCl is added
observation
white precipitate formed
presence of group 1 (Pb2+) identified.
group 1 confirmatory 1
To a little of the salt solution postassium iodide solution is added
observation
yellow precipitate soluble in water that reappear as golden spangles on cooling
presence of Pb 2+ is confirmed.
group 1 confirmatory 2
To a little of the salt solution acetic acid and potassium chromate solutions are added
observation
yellow precipitate
Pb 2+ confirmed
Identification test for group 2 (Cu2+)
To a little of the salt solution dil. HCl is added and hydrogen sulphide gas is passed
observation
black precipitate formed
presence of group 2 (Cu2+) is identified.
group 2 confirmatory 1
To a little of the salt solution NH4OH is added drop by drop till in excess
observation
blue precipitate soluble in excess of NH4OH to give deep blue solution
presence of Cu2+ confirmed.
group 2 confirmatory 2
To a little of the salt solution acetic acid and potassium ferrocyanide solutions are added
observation
chocolate brown precipitate
Cu2+ confirmed
Identification test for group 3 (Al3+)
To a little of the salt solution excess of NH4OH and NH4Cl are added
observation
white gelatinous precipitate
presence of group 3(Al3+).
group 3 confirmatory 1
To a little of the salt solution NaOH solution is added drop by drop till in excess
observation
white gelatinous precipitate soluble in excess of NaOH is formed
presence of Al3+ confirmed.
group 3 confirmatory 2
Ash test
To a little of the salt solution one to two drops of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate solutions are added. It is then boiled and a filter paper dipped in it is burned to ashes
observation
blue tinted ash
Al3+ is confirmed.
Identification test for group 4 (Zn2+)
To a little of the salt solution excess of NH4OH and NH4Cl are added and hydrogen sulphide gas is passed
observation
white precipitate
presence of group 4 (Zn2+) is identified.
group 4 confirmatory 1
To a little of the salt solution excess of NaOH solution is added
observation
white precipitate soluble in excess of NaOH
presence of Zn2+ confirmed.
group 4 confirmatory 2
Ash Test
To a little of the salt solution one to two drops of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate solution. It is boiled and a filter paper dipped in it is burnt to ashes
observation
green tinted ash
Zn2+ is confirmed
Identification test for group 5 (Ca2+ or Ba2+)
To a little of the salt solution add NH4OH, NH4Cl and (NH4)2CO3
observation
white precipitate
presence of group 5 (Ca2+ or Ba2+).
group 5 confirmatory 1 (a)
To a little of the salt solution acetic acid and potassium chromate solutionsare added
observation
yellow precipitate
presence of Ba2+ is confirmed
group 5 confirmatory 2 (a)
A little of the substance is made into a paste with conc. HCl in a watch glass. Then a glass rod dipped in it is shown into the non luminous flame
observation
green flame
Ba2+ confirmed.
group 5 confirmatory 1 (b)
To a little of the salt solution acetic acid and potassium chromate solutions are added
observation
no precipitate
presence of Ca2+ ions.
group 5 confirmatory 2 (b)
To a little of the salt solution NH4OH and ammonium oxalate are added
observation
white precipitate
presence of Ca2+ ion confirmed.
group 5 confirmatory 3 (b)
Flame Test
A little of the salt is made into a paste with conc. HCl in a watch glass. Then a glass rod dipped in it is shown to the non luminous flame
observation
Brick-red flame
Ca2+ confirmed.
Identification test for group 6 (Mg2+)
To a little of the salt solution NH4OH, NH4Cl and Na2HPO4 are added
observation
white crystalline precipitate
presence of group 6 (Mg2+) identified.
group 6 confirmatory 1
To a little of the salt solution magneson reagent and excess NaOH solution is added
observation
blue precipitate
presence of Mg2+ confirmed.
group 6 confirmatory 2
Ash Test
To a little of the salt solution one to two drops of conc. HNO3 and cobalt nitrate solution is added. It is boiled then a filter paper dipped in it is burnt to ashes
observation
pink tinted ash
Mg2+ is confirmed.
