Flora and Dendrology Review

Vocabulary flashcards identifying Central European trees, shrubs, and herbs based on morphological characteristics and botanical nomenclature provided in the lecture notes.

Picea abies (smrk ztepilý)

A coniferous tree characterized by prickly needles and cones that hang downwards (píchavé jehlice, šišky dolů).

Abies alba (jedle běloroká)

A conifer with gray bark and flat, non-prickly needles that have two white stripes on the reverse side; the cones stand upright (ploché nepíchavé jehlice, šišky stojí).

Pinus sylvestris (borovice lesní)

A pine tree with long needles occurring in pairs of 2 and a distinct orange coloration of the upper trunk (dlouhé jehlice po 2, oranžové zbarvení kmene).

Larix decidua (modřín opadavý)

A coniferous tree with soft needles that are shed annually in the winter (měkké jehlice, opadává).

Pseudotsuga menziesii (douglaska tisolistá)

A conifer known for having cones with distinct three-pointed/three-lobed scales (šišky s trojcípými šupinami).

Fagus sylvatica (buk lesní)

A tree in the Fagaceae family characterized by fine hairs on the margins of young leaves (chloupky na okraji mladých listů).

Quercus robur (dub letní)

An oak species where the acorns are positioned on a long stalk (žaludy na dlouhé stopce).

Quercus petraea (dub zimní)

An oak species where the acorns are almost sessile/stemless (žaludy téměř přisedlé).

Quercus rubra (dub červený)

An oak species identified by leaves with sharply pointed lobes (špičaté laloky listu).

Acer platanoides (javor mléč)

A maple tree with sharp leaf lobes and petioles that secrete a milky sap (mléko z řapíku, ostré laloky).

Acer pseudoplatanus (javor klen)

A maple species with leaves that are larger and rougher (věrtší drsně jší list) compared to other maples.

Acer campestre (javor babyka)

A maple species characterized by small leaves with rounded lobes (malé kulaté laloky).

Acer negundo (javor jasanolistý)

A maple tree unique for having pinnate leaves (zpeřené listy).

Salix alba (vrba bílá)

A willow species where the underside of the leaf is nearly silvery or white (spodní strana skoro stříbřitá/bílá).

Salix caprea (vrba jíva)

A willow with broad, round leaves and notable catkins known as "kočičky."

Salix cinerea (vrba popelavá)

A willow with gray, felted leaves and branches that give the entire plant a dusty appearance (listy šedé/plstnaté, zaprášeně).

Salix aurita (vrba ušatá)

A willow identified by the presence of "ears" or stipules (palisty) at the base of the leaf.

Salix euxina (vrba křehká)

A willow with fragile twigs that snap or crack (křupne) almost immediately when bent.

Malus domestica (jabloň domácí)

The domestic apple tree, characterized by leaves that are hairy on the bottom side (chlupaté listy na spodní straně).

Pyrus communis (hrušeň obecná)

The pear tree, identified by shiny, relatively round leaves (lesklé kulatě jší listy).

Prunus avium (třešeň ptačí)

The wild cherry tree, recognized by its reddish-brown bark with horizontal stripes (červenohně dá proužkovaná kŧra).

Rubus idaeus (ostružiník maliník)

The raspberry plant, which has leaves that are white on the underside (listy zespodu bílé).

Rubus caesius (ostružiník ježiník)

The dewberry plant, characterized by small prickles or thorns (malé kolce/ostny) on the stem.

Dactylis glomerata (srha laločnatá)

A grass species with a distinctive one-sided panicle inflorescence (jednostranná lata).

Alopecurus pratensis (psárka luční)

A grass species with an inflorescence shaped like a cylindrical spike (válcovitý klas).

Anthoxanthum odoratum (tomka vonná)

A grass species known for its pleasant fragrance (voní).

Holcus lanatus (medyně k vlnatý)

A grass species characterized by being hairy or woolly (chlupatý).

Carex sylvatica (ostřice lesní)

A forest sedge identified by its triangular stem (trojhranný stonek).

Juncus inflexus (sítina sivá)

A rush species characterized by a round stem (kulatý stonek).

Typha latifolia (orobinec širokolistý)

Broadleaf cattail where both flower spikes (palice) are close together; leaves are light green, flat, and wide.

Typha angustifolia (orobinec úzkolistý)

Narrowleaf cattail with a clear gap (mezera) between the male and female flower spikes; leaves are darker, stiffer, and convex in cross-section.

Equisetum arvense (přeslička rolní)

A smaller horsetail with a tree-like (stromečkovitý) appearance and many lateral branches.

Equisetum fluviatile (přeslička poříční)

A large horsetail with a thick, smooth, and shiny stem that has a very large internal cavity.

Colchicum autumnale (ocùn jesennÌ)

A highly poisonous plant that blooms in the autumn (kvete na podzim, prudce jedovatý).

Veronica chamaedrys (rozrazil rezekvÌtek)

A speedwell species identified by hairs arranged in two rows along the stem (chlupy ve dvou řadách).

Pimpinella major (bedrník věrtší)

A member of the Apiaceae (miříkovité) family characterized by an umbel (okolík) inflorescence.