Cog Neuro Chapter 1 & 2

What is Cognition

Mental processes, such as perception, attention, and memory

What was the first Cog Psy experiment

A Choice RT performed by Donders in 1868

What was Structuralism and Who was the brain child

Structuralism was the theory that overall experience is determined by combining basic elements called sensations. The brain child was Wilhelm Wundt

What is Analytic Introspection

A method for structuralism used to describe experiences and thought processes in response to simuli in terms of mental elements

What was Ebbinghaus known for?

He was known for the memory curve and testing how long it took to relearn preciously learned information after a time period.

Who was William James and what was his focus?

William James was the father of American Psychology and he focused mainly on attention.

Who was Mary Calkins and what did she develop?

Mary Calkins was the 14th APA president and first woman to be so. She developed the paired association technique to study memory

What is Behaviorism and Who was the founder.

Behaviorism is used to predict and control behavior. Founded by Watson

What is Classical Conditioning

The idea that pairing a neutral stimuli with another positive or negative stimulus causes change in response to the neutral stimulus.

What is Operant Conditioning and who’s idea was it?

The idea that behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers or withdrawal of negative reinforces. Skinner was the mind behind it.

What is Tolman’s Cognitive Map and the associated experiment?

Tolman found rats can navigate a maze regardless of starting point. Proving they do not simply remember turns, but rather the layout.

What is Skinner’s verbal behavior theory?

The theory that children learn language through operant conditioning.

What is Chomsky’s Language Theory

The idea that language is innate and is learned regardless of culture?

What is the Nerve net?

Original theory of the nervous system. Proposed that it was a continous network that connects one street directly to another without stops or traffic control.

Who was Santiago Ramon Cajal and what did he find?

He used the golgi staining technique to find that the nerve net was actually made of individual neurons.

What is the purpose of the cell body?

Center of the neuron for metabolic needs

What is the purpose of dendrites?

Branches off neurons to receive signals

What is the purpose of Axons?

Branches off neurons to transmit signals

Who was the first to record electrical signals in a neuron and when?

Adrian in the 1920s

What is Broca’s area and where is it located?

Area responsible for speech production. Located in the frontal lobe

What is Wernicke’s Area and where is it located?

Area responsible for speech comprehension and located in temporal lobe.

What is the Occipial Lobe’s main function?

Vision

What is the Temporal Lobe’s main function?

Auditory cortex

What is the Parietal Lobe’s main function?

Somatosensory cortex, touch, pressure pain,.

What activates the Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA)

Activated when perceiving indoor and outdoor scenes.

What activates the Extrastriate Body Area?

Viewing body parts or entire body. Faces do not activate