Chapter 21- 22 AP US History Brinkley

American Expeditionary Force

special new army -trained,outfitted, and transported across the submarine-infested Atlantic

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's idea to further spread the efforts of US foreign policy through use of economic power by gaurenteeing loans to foreign countries

Gen. John J. Pershing

American general who led troops against "Pancho" Villa in 1916, then he took on the Meuse-Argonne offensive in 1918 which was one of the longest lasting battles (47 days) in WWI. He was also the commander of the AEF in Europe during WWI.

The Great Migration

For the 1st time, northern factories actively recruited African Americans from southern farms to the nation's industrial heartland, since the white man was off fighting in the war. Women also benefited from this movement and took higher paying jobs to help out their fathers/sons/brothers fighting in the war.

League of Nations

vision from President Wilson of an assembly with all nations and a special council for the great powers.

Lusitania

A British ocean liner destroyed by a German u-boat, killing 1,198 people (128 Americans). This angered Americans and prompted Wilson to send a series of strongly worded protests to Germany

Marcus Garvey

"new negro" -created the Universal Negro Improvement Association and promoted the "Back to Africa" movement. He organized black businesses and established a corps of Black Cross nurses.

19th Amendment

ratified in 1920 -gave women their right to vote

Red Scare

The fear of the spread of Communism throughout the US.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. They were convicted on circumstantial evidence, which caused many to believe they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation lead by Attorney Gen. Mitchel Palmer, which allowed federal marshals to raid the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and leader of the "reservationists";was the leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Wilson's 14 Points

plan to would extend American ideals of democracy, freedom, and peaceful economic expansion to the rest of the world, according to Wilson

Treaty of Versailles

created to solve problems made by WWI at the Paris Peace Conference. Germany was forced to accept the treaty and to basically pay for all the damage caused by the war throughout Europe. It was composed of only four of the original points made by President Woodrow Wilson.

Trench Warfare

opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield, while mines, and barbed wire were in between the armies in an area called "No Man's Land".

Zimmerman Telegram

Zimmerman urged Mexico to join the Central Powers and in the event the U.S. entered the war, promised to help Mexico recover "the lost territory of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona" which increased anti-German feelings/beliefs throughout the U.S.

Triple Entente

France, Russia, and Great Britain formed an group to counter the Triple Alliance in 1907; aka The Allied Powers

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (and joined by Turkey in 1914); aka The Central Powers.

sources of the economic and technological boom of the 1920s

Automobiles, housing, radio, commercial aviation, telephones, modern administrative systems, trade associations

Welfare Capitalism

Employers who were eager to avoid the disruptions of labor unions adopted paternalistic techniques, such as shortening the work week, paid vacations, pensions

pink collar jobs

low paying service jobs mostly filled by women, such as secretaries, salesclerks, telephone operators

The "American Plan"

A crusade for open shops (workplaces where no worker could be required to join a union)

Women's break from the cult of domesticity

More women attended college and worked outside the home. The professionalization of child care meant that women had more free time and birth control meant smaller families

Charles Lindbergh

first aviator to make a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

H.L. Mencken

A newspaper critic who ridiculed most of middle class American society.

members of the Harlem Renaissance.

Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Aaron Douglas

National Origins Act of 1924

It banned immigration from east Asia and reduced the quota of immigrants allowed from Europe. This rise of nativism helped the KKK grow and recruit members during the 1920s.

Scopes Monkey Trial

a trial over a Tennessee law that made it illegal for any public school teacher "to teach any theory that denies the story of the divine creation of man as taught in the Bible."

Presidents of the 1920s

Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover