nigeria full q+a

What is the impact of the SMD system?

Limits representation of smaller parties

Is the PDP really the dominant party?

Voter fraud made it hard to determine accurate level of support for the PDP

When was the APC created?

2013

How many opposition parties merged to form the APC?

4 opposition parties

Which region of Nigeria provides more support for the APC?

Muslim North

What is the history of Civil Society in Nigeria?

Existed pre-independence, weakened by military rule

What are the different types of interest groups in Nigeria?

Regional/ethnic/religious, professional/labor, grassroots, issue-based, NGOs

What are some examples of interest groups?

Arewa Consultative Forum, Nigerian Medical Association, grassroots health orgs

What do NGOs focus on?

social welfare services

What are the challenge's of Nigeria's Civil Society?

Weak institutions, distrust between groups, government's oil dependence

What is the Niger Delta known for?

It is an oil-rich region with significant environmental damage from oil extraction.

What has been the Nigerian government's response to the Niger Delta conflicts?

The response has included military intervention and attempts at negotiation.

What are the key issues in the Niger Delta conflicts?

Environmental damage, economic inequality, and the need for sustainable development in the region.

What is MOSOP (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People)?

Represents Ogoni people (live in the Niger Delta), advocates for improved conditions, nonviolent initially

What is MEND (Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta)?

Regional movement, violent tactics, attracted wealthy backers

What does NDA stand for in the context of Nigerian militant groups?

Niger Delta Avengers

What type of infrastructure does the Niger Delta Avengers attack?

Oil pipelines

What was the impact of the Niger Delta Avengers on Nigeria's oil production in 2016?

Oil production dropped from 2.2 million barrels per day to 1.4 million

What are some examples of constitutional protections?

Due process, expression, religion

How are constitutional protections characterized in practice?

Limited in practice, with criticism of government restricted

What is Nigeria's Freedom House Rating?

"Partially Free," low scores for political rights and civil liberties

What do LGBTQ+ rights look like in Nigeria?

Severe restrictions, bans on same-sex marriage

What are politics like for women?

Underrepresented despite large voter turnout, patriarchal society

Is there ethnic diversity in Nigeria?

Over 250 ethnic groups (Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo largest

What are the religious divisions in Nigeria?

Muslim North, Christian/Animist South, this is a big source of conflict

Is there linguistic diversity in Nigeria?

Over 500 languages, English official language

What divisions has colonialism caused that still impacts Nigeria in the present day?

Arbitrary borders, favored certain rulers, intensified ethnic tensions

What has Boko Haram done?

Targets churches, schools, government, around 2 million people killed/displaced

What year did the Chibok Kidnapping occur?

2014

How many Christian schoolgirls were kidnapped in the Chibok Kidnapping?

276

What age range did the kidnapped Christian schoolgirls fall into?

16-18

What group was responsible for the kidnapping of the Chibok schoolgirls?

Boko Haram

How many girls from the Chibok Kidnapping remain in captivity?

82

What significant global impact did the Chibok Kidnapping have?

It sparked a global movement.

What is the impact of having had a colonial economy?

Limited opportunities for Nigerians, favored foreign businesses

What did the economy look like immediately after colonialism?

Largely agricultural, government-led industrialization (ISI)

What are the effects of Nigeria's oil dependency?

Became crucial, rentier state, neglected other sectors, resource curse

What did the 1970s' government use oil wealth for?

Infrastructure projects

What did the 1970s' government do with future oil revenues?

Borrowed against them

What event led to bankruptcy in the 1970s?

Oil price collapse

What have recent economic policies been like?

Fluctuating between reforms and patronage-based spending

How has Nigeria provided debt relief?

Reduced debt through aid and liberalization policies

What is the Sovereign Wealth Fund?

Designed for oil revenue savings, but mismanaged

What are the issues of the oil sector?

Limited refining capacity, expensive subsidies, corruption

What is ERGP?

Economic Recovery and Growth Plan, aims to improve competitiveness

How has recent economic growth gone?

Fluctuating, impacted by oil prices and COVID-19

How is entrepreneurship in Nigeria?

Growing, many young Nigerians starting businesses

What is NHIS?

National Health Insurance Scheme, but limited coverage, mostly private

What is NSIP?

National Social Investment Programmes, various programs are included in it, fragmented implementation, funding issues, limited coverage

What is happening with fuel subsidies?

Consume large budget portion, limit funds for social welfare, removed during Tinubu's presidency

How is Nigeria's population growing?

Currently 6th most populous country, rapidly growing, projected to be 4th largest globally by 2050

What is the trend of the fertility rate?

High, but declining

What factors influence the fertility rate?

Education and urban living

What is the fertility rate in the North?

Around 6-8 children per woman

What has been the impact of increasing female education?

Lowers fertility, boosts productivity, but limited access to education

What challenges do children face?

Malnutrition, poor healthcare access

What is the youth experience like in Nigeria?

Large youth population, challenges for education, jobs

Who was elected president of Nigeria in 2023?

Bola Tinubu

What are the key priorities of Bola Tinubu's presidency?

Economic diversification, security, and infrastructure

What controversies has Bola Tinubu faced during his presidency?

Corruption allegations and controversy over fuel prices

What is Nollywood?

One of the largest film producers globally, rivaling Hollywood in output.

What is a key characteristic of Nollywood's production?

Low-cost production and distribution, reaching wider audiences.

How does Nollywood contribute to Nigerian and African identity?

It explores social and political themes.

What role can Nollywood play in society?

It can promote dialogue, challenge stereotypes, and contribute to democratization.

How was pre-colonial Northern Nigeria?

Predominantly Muslim, powerful emirates, influenced by Islamic law

How was pre-colonial Southern Nigeria?

Diverse ethnic groups (Yoruba, Igbo), distinct political/social systems

Did slavery exist in Pre-Colonial Nigeria?

Yes, slavery existed in Pre-Colonial Nigeria.

How did slavery in Pre-Colonial Nigeria differ from chattel slavery?

Enslaved individuals were often integrated within households.

What role did Nigerian ports play in the context of slavery?

Nigerian ports were crucial for the slave trade.

What was the economic impact of slavery in Pre-Colonial Nigeria?

The economy became dependent on slavery.

What were the social consequences of slavery in Pre-Colonial Nigeria?

Slavery had devastating social consequences.

What was the Scramble for Africa?

A period during which European powers partitioned Africa.

Which country claimed Nigeria during the Scramble for Africa?

Britain

What was a consequence of the arbitrary borders created during the Scramble for Africa?

They were drawn without regard for existing ethnic/cultural groups and led to future conflicts.

Where was Indirect Rule mostly implemented?

In the North

How did the British preserve Islam in the North under Indirect Rule?

By using existing emirs

Where was Direct Rule mostly implemented?

In the South

When was Direct Rule used?

When there were no existing leaders

Who would lead under Direct Rule?

Someone appointed by the British

What was education like in the North under British Rule?

Islam was preserved

What was education like in the South under British Rule?

Western education/Christianity was expanded

Cleavages in the anti-Colonial Nationalist Movement?

United against colonialism, divided along ethnic/religious lines

What type of political system does First Republic have?

Parliamentary system

What type of legislature does First Republic have?

Bicameral legislature

Which house of the legislature is more powerful in First Republic?

Lower house

Who is the head of government in First Republic?

Prime minister

From where is the cabinet in First Republic drawn?

Majority/coalition

How many regions are there in the federal system of First Republic?

3 regions

What are the three main ethnic groups in First Republic?

Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo

What type of political parties are present in First Republic?

Ethnic-based parties

What are some challenges faced by First Republic?

Weak institutions, corruption, political instability

Which region has dominance in First Republic?

North

What was the 1966 Coup?

Igbo military officers seized power, backlash against Igbos

What was the Biafran Sucession (1967)?

Igbo-dominated region tried to secede, led to civil war

Who was Yakubu Gowon?

Military leader, unified North and West, defeated Biafra, and postponed the transition to civilian rule

Who was Murtala Muhammed?

Overthrew Gowon in 1975, and was assassinated before he could complete the transition to civilian life

Who was Olusegun Obasanjo?

Continued the transition to democracy, and establish freedom of press, new constitution, new states, and FEDECO

What type of political system does Second Republic have?

Presidential system (US model)

Who was the president during the Second Republic?

Shehu Shagari was president

What were the Second Republic's problems?

Very corrupt