5.2 Complementary Interactions between Proteins and Ligands: The Immune System and Immunoglobins

leukocytes

these are white blood cells, macrophage, and lymphocytes

innate immune system

this system of the immune system is directed at bacterial infections and extracellular viruses

adaptive cellular immune system

this system of the immune system destroys infected host cells, parasites, and foreign tissues

T lymphocytes

these cell recognize infected cells or parasites

help T cells

these cells produce soluble signaling proteins called cytokines

B cells

these cells produce antibodies

antibodies

these bind bacteria viruses or large molecules identified as foreign and target them destruction

immunoglobulin G

this is a major class of antibodies

light chain

this is the part of the IgG is on the outside of the top parts

heavy chain

this part of the IgG is on the inside and bottom parts

variable domains

these are the parts of the antibody that specifically bind to an antigen

antigen

this is a molecule of pathogen capable of eliciting an immune response

haptens

this a small molecules that can elicit an immune response when covalently attached to large proteins

epitope

the particular chemical group or groups in a molecule to which aa given antibody binds

epitope tag

a highly antigenic amino acid sequence added to the protein coding sequence of cloned genes that is recognized by commercially available antibodies

polyclonal antibodies

this is an antibody that is produced by injection a protein into an animal and contains a mixture of antibodies that recognize different parts of the protein

monoclonal antibodies

this is an antibody that is synthesized by a population of identical B cells and all recognizing the same epitope

western blot

this uses antibodies to detect protein