Immigration & Urbanization – The Gilded Age
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A set of practice flashcards covering key immigration and urbanization topics from the lecture notes.
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22 Terms
What term describes immigrants who intended to stay only temporarily to earn money and then return to their homeland?
Birds of passage.
Approximately how many Europeans arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1920?
About 20 million.
Old Immigrants vs. New Immigrants: which regions did they come from before and after 1890?
Old immigrants mainly from Western and Northern Europe; New immigrants mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Between 1851 and 1882, about how many Chinese arrived on the West Coast?
About 300,000.
What act curtailed Chinese immigration starting in 1882 and lasted until 1943?
The Chinese Exclusion Act.
Where were European immigrants processed upon arrival in the United States?
Ellis Island, New York.
Where were Asian immigrants processed upon arrival in the United States?
Angel Island, San Francisco Bay.
By 1920, more than how many Japanese lived on the West Coast?
More than 200,000.
Between 1880 and 1920, about how many immigrants arrived from the West Indies?
About 260,000.
Approximately how many Mexicans immigrated to the U.S. in the early 20th century?
About 700,000.
By 1910, immigrants made up more than half the population of how many major American cities?
18 major American cities.
Why did most immigrants settle in cities in the late 19th century?
Because of available jobs and affordable housing.
What term describes overcrowded, unsanitary urban housing common in cities?
Tenements.
Which photographer documented the living conditions in crowded tenements?
Jacob Riis.
What reform movement preached salvation through service to the poor?
The Social Gospel Movement.
Who founded Hull House in Chicago as part of settlement reform?
Jane Addams.
What is a political machine?
A party organization that controlled city politics and elections.
Who was Boss Tweed?
Head of Tammany Hall, NYC’s powerful Democratic political machine; involved in the Tweed Ring scandal.
What was the Tweed Ring scandal about?
Corrupt practices by Tweed Ring defrauding the city; overcharging for a new court house.
What did the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 establish?
A merit-based hiring system for federal jobs with exams and a bipartisan commission.
What is nativism?
Favoritism toward native-born Americans leading to anti-immigrant sentiment and restrictions.
Name two major urban fires in the United States during the Gilded Age.
Chicago (1871) and San Francisco (1906).