Blood Vessels and Circulation

Flashcards on Blood Vessels and Circulation

In the pulmonary circuit, __.

Blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries

In the systemic circuit, __.

Blood flows from the left ventricle to the systemic arteries.

The three layers (tunics) of arteries and veins are __.

Tunica Intima (Interna), Tunica Media, and Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

The five general classes of blood vessels are __.

Elastic Arteries, Muscular Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Medium-sized Veins, and Large Veins

Capillaries consist of __.

A tube of endothelial cells with a delicate basement membrane.

The two major types of capillaries are __.

Continuous, Fenestrated, and Sinusoids

Fenestrated capillaries permit __.

Rapid exchange of water and solutes between blood and interstitial fluid.

__ directly connects arteriole to venule, bypassing the capillary bed.

Arteriovenous anastomosis

Precapillary sphincters __.

Control blood flow into capillaries.

Mechanisms to maintain blood flow against gravity in veins include __.

Valves and Contraction of Skeletal Muscles

Venoconstriction is controlled by the __.

Vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata

Cardiovascular regulation involves adjustments to __.

Cardiac Output and Blood Distribution

Neural and hormonal regulation coordinate adjustments to __.

Heart rate and stroke volume , Peripheral resistance, and Venous pressure

Total peripheral resistance depends on __.

Vascular resistance, Viscosity, and Turbulence

Capillary exchange involves a combination of __.

Diffusion, Osmosis, and Filtration

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is the difference between __.

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP) and Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP)

The two regulatory pathways for cardiovascular function are __.

Autoregulation and Central regulation (Neural and endocrine control)

Vasodilators are __.

Local chemicals that increase blood flow.

Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to changes such as __.

Increased CO2 levels, decreased pH and O2 levels

The immediate hormonal response to low blood pressure involves the release of __.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

The hormonal response to high blood pressure involves __.

Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP)

During light exercise, cardiovascular adjustments include __.

Vasodilation, Peripheral resistance drops, Capillary blood flow increases, Venous return increases and Cardiac output increases

The umbilical vessels are __.

Umbilical Arteries and Umbilical Vein

In fetal circulation, __ allow blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit.

Foramen Ovale and Ductus Arteriosus

At birth, __.

Increasing pressure in the left atrium closes _.