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29 Terms

1
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Feedback inhibition

When a product that the cell is making stops the production of said product.

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Operon

A DNA sequence that consists of a promoter, operator, and genes involved.

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Genome

The entire set of genetic information in an organism.

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Operator

The region responsible for keeping the gene on or off for gene expression.

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Promoter

A sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate gene expression.

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Tryptophan operon activity

It is turned off in the presence of tryptophan and on in its absence.

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Repressor in presence of tryptophan

Changes shape to bind to the operator and prevent gene expression.

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Allolactose

The signaling molecule that binds to the repressor to remove it from the operator.

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cAMP role

A signaling molecule that enhances RNA polymerase activity.

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CRP (Cyclic AMP receptor protein)

A protein activated when lactose levels are high and glucose levels are low.

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Acetylation

A chromatin modification that unwinds DNA to allow gene expression.

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Methylation

A chromatin modification that compacts DNA to prevent gene expression.

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RNA splicing

The process that removes introns and joins exons in mRNA.

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Introns

Sections of mRNA that are removed and not expressed.

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Exons

Sections of mRNA that remain and are expressed.

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Ubiquitin

A molecule that triggers the degradation of proteins.

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Descent with modification

The idea that species change over time and share a common ancestor.

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Paleontology

The study of fossils and how they support evolutionary theory.

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Strata

Layers of sedimentary rock that contain fossils.

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Homology

Similarity between species resulting from common ancestry.

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Analogous features

Similar structures in different species that serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestor.

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Microevolution

Changes in allele frequency in a population over time.

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Gene Pool

The total collection of alleles in a population.

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Genetic drift

Random fluctuations of allele frequencies from one generation to the next.

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Gene flow

The movement of alleles among populations due to migration.

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Adaptive evolution

An increase in allele frequency that enhances fitness.

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Directional selection

Natural selection favoring individuals at one end of the phenotypic range.

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Stabilizing selection

Natural selection favoring moderate/average phenotypes.

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Heterozygote advantage

Higher fitness of heterozygotes compared to either homozygous form.