Patho Chapter 8- altered fluid/electrolyte balance

What are electrolytes

Electrically charged particles that dissolve in body fluids

What determines the balance

electronuetrality

What are the two types of electrolyte transport

Passive Transport

Active Transport

Sodium alteration can lead to

hypo/hyperatremia

Potassium alteration can lead to

hypo/hyperkalemia

Chloride alteration can lead to

hypo/hyperchloremia

Calcium alteration can lead to

hypo/hypercalcemia

Magnesium alteration can lead to

Hypo/hypermagnesemia

Phosphate alteration can lead to

Hypo/hyperphosphatemia

What helps an electrolyte imbalance

Na+/K+ pump

How much of body weight is water

60%

What percent of water weight is intracellular

40

What percent of water weight is extracellular

20

What are the compartments of fluid transport

Intravascular, interstitial

What are the processes of fluid balance

osmosis, reabsorption, filtration

What are the two forces of fluid balance

Hydrostatic (fluid exerted by a fluid against a wall, causing fluid movement between compartments)

Osmotic (The pull exerted by the solutes in a solution drawing water across a semi-permeable membrane)

How does the body regulate fluid balance

Thirst

Renin-angcostensin aldosterone system

Blood pressure/ volume by kidneys reabsorbing salt and H2O

Antidiuretic hormone

Hypovolemia symptoms

Hemorrhage

Dehydration

Hypervolemia symptoms

water intoxication, edema

Cirrhosis patho

liver disease characterized by interference of local blood flow and hepatocyte damage

Cirrhosis CM

Moderate to several abdominal girth

Increased girth

Increased wt

Renal failure

Ascites

Cirrhosis DC

Physical

Body wt

Lab analysis

Cirrhosis treatment

Paracentesis

Diuresis

Intravenous albumium

Dehydration Patho

Alteration in fluid/electrolyte balance

Dehydration CM

Decreased consciousness

Dry MM

Change in vital signs

Dehydration DC

History/physical

Blood concentrations of electrolytes

Hypoparathyroidism patho

Altered calcium balance

Negative feedback regulation by parathyroid glands

Calcium levels rise, hormone production stops

Impaired parathyroid function leads to decreased blood calcium level

Hyperparathyroidism CM

hair dryness/loss

skin dryness

bone loss

Hyperparathyroidism DC

Medical and surgical history

Physical exam

Hyperparathyroidism Treatment

Supplemenatation

Vitamin D