[CS] Energy Supply - Nepal

[Intro] What and where is Nepal?

A developing country in South Asia, between China and India

[Intro] What are Nepal’s main sources of energy?

Energy source	Energy consumption
Biomass	64%
Fossil fuels	26%
Hydropower	7%

[Hydropower] What is the process of Nepal’s hydroelectricity generation & distribution?

1. Run-of-the-river systems divert water flow into a canal that travels to hydropower plants

2. The water rotates turbines to drive a generator to generate electricity

3. This is transmitted to the national grid & further supplied to provinces (e.g. Bagmati & Lumbini) through low-voltage lines

[Biomass] What is the process of Nepal’s biomass energy generation & distribution?

1. Nepal supports rural families in installing biogas plants in their households to generate biogas

2. In plants, organic waste (e.g. animal manure & human waste) undergo anaerobic digestion to produce biogas

3. 70% of biogas plants are in the Terai Region

4. Biogas is used for cooking & lighting purposes in provinces like Sunsari & Chitwan via biogas stoves & lamps

[Fossil fuels] What is the process of Nepal’s fossil fuel generation & distribution?

1. Petroleum products are imported mainly from India via Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC)

2. These are distributed via road transport to different provinces for domestic, transportation, & industrial uses, including:

Madhesh & Koshi province

• Cooking

• Vehicles

• Agricultural processes (e.g. irrigation)