I/O Psych Chapter 13

Corresponding effects

An event that affects one member of the group affects other group members.

Common goal

An aim or purpose shared by members of a group.

Affiliation

Reason for joining group. Leadership style in which the individual leads by caring about others and that is most effective in a climate of anxiety.

Identification

Reason for joining group. The need to associate ourselves with the image projected by other people, groups, or objects.

Group Cohesiveness

The extent to which members of a group like and trust one another, are committed to accomplishing a team goal and share feeling of group pride.

Homogeneous Group

Group whose members share the same characteristics

Heterogeneous Group

Group whose members share few simularities

Additive tasks

Tasks for which the group's performance is equal to the sum of the performances of each individual group member. (Big groups better - typing pool, bowling team)

Conjunctive Tasks

Tasks which the groups performance is dependent on the performance of the least effective group member. (assembly line, hiking with friends)

Disjunctive Tasks

Tasks for which the performance of a group is based on the performance of it's most talented member. (problem solving - larger group probably better)

Social Impact Theory

The addition of a group member effects smaller groups more.

Group Status

The esteem in which a group is held by people not in the group.

Social Facilitation

The positive effects of performing tasks in the presence of others.

Social inhibition

The negative effects of performing tasks in presence of others.

Audience effects

Effect on behaviour when one or more person is passively watching the behaviour of another person. (Size, status, proximity / extrovert vs introvert)

Coaction effects

The effect on behaviour when two+ people are performing the same task in each others presence.

Mere presence

Theory stating that the very fact that others happen to be present naturally produces arousal and thus may affect performance.

Comparison

The effect when an individual working on a task compares his or her

Evaluation apprehension

The idea that a person performing a task becomes aroused because he or she is concerned that others are evaluating his or her performance.

Distracting

The idea that social inhibition occurs because the presence of others provides a distraction that interferes with concentration.

Social Loafing

The fact that individuals in a group often exert less individual effort than they would if they were not in a group.

Groupthink

A state of mind in which a group is so concerned about it's own cohesiveness that it ignores important information.

Nominal group

A collection of individuals whose results are pooled but who never interact with one another.

Interacting group

A collection of individuals who work together to perform a task.

Work Teams

Groups of employees who manage themselves, assign jobs, plan and schedule work and solve work related problems.

Parallel Teams

Aka cross functional teams. Consist of representatives from various departments within an organisation. Torn between function/org as a whole.