Untitled Flashcards Set

End of the Civil War

Marked the transition into the Reconstruction Era in 1865.

Reconstruction Era

Time from 1865–1877 where the South rebuilt politically and economically.

Panic of 1873

Severe financial crisis that triggered an economic depression.

Centennial Exposition

Fair held in 1876 in Philadelphia showcasing American technological achievements.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S.

Haymarket Riot

Violent labor protest in Chicago in 1886 that marked a pivotal moment in labor movements.

Sherman Antitrust Act

1890 law enacted to break up monopolies and combat concentration of corporate power.

Dawes Act

1887 law aimed at assimilating Native Americans by dividing tribal lands.

Homestead Strike

Major 1892 labor conflict in Pennsylvania highlighting tensions between workers and industrialists.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court ruling upholding racial segregation under 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Nativism

Preference for native-born Americans over immigrants.

Labor Unions

Groups formed to demand workers’ rights and better conditions.

Populist Party

Political party that emerged to challenge big businesses and support farmers.

Political Machines

Organizations controlling local politics through bribery and fraud.

Tenements

Overcrowded apartment buildings with poor sanitation typically occupied by immigrants.

Gilded Age

Period of great political corruption and wealth inequality in the late 1800s.

Americanization

Movement to assimilate immigrants into American culture.

Eugene V. Debs

Socialist labor leader who led major strikes and founded the American Railway Union.

Laissez-faire

Economic system where transactions are free from government intervention.

“Buffalo Bill” Cody

Famous American soldier, bison hunter, and showman of the American Old West.

Social Darwinism

The idea that some people become powerful because they are innately better.

Wounded Knee Massacre

Climax of U.S. efforts to repress the Plains Indians, involving a massacre of Lakota.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

First nationwide labor strike that spread across multiple states in response to wage cuts.