Pharmacy Technician Practice Exam and Study Review

Flashcards covering common medications (brand/generic/class), federal pharmacy requirements and laws, patient safety protocols, and prescription SIG codes based on lecture transcript notes.

Lisinopril

An ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension by relaxing blood vessels.

Antibiotics

Treats bacterial infections

Bactericidal Antibiotics

Kills bacteria directly

Bacteriostatic Antibotics

Blocks/Inhubits bacterial growth

Categories of Antibiotics

Penicillins & Cephalsporins

Penicillin’s & Cephalosporins

Blocks/Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Are beta-lactam antibiotics

Includes Amoxicillin (penicillin) and Cefalexin (cephalosporin)

Tetracyclines

Inhibits/Blocks protien synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes

Tetracyclines prevent…

Bacterial growth.

Fluoroquinolones

Blocks/Inhibits bacterial DNA replication

Fluoroquinolones Target what?

DNA gyrase & topisomerase IV

Macrolides

Block/Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Macrolides Bind to…

Ribosome subunits

Example of Macrolides

Azithromycin

Lipitor

Brand name for Atorvastatin, a statin medication used to lower cholesterol.

Furosemide

A loop diuretic used to remove excess fluid and treat hypertension; also known by the brand name Lasix.

Metformin

A first-line medication for type 2 diabetes that improves insulin sensitivity and manages blood glucose levels.

Omeprazole

A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to reduce stomach acid production for conditions like GERD and ulcers.

Simvastatin

A statin used to lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

Opioids

A class of medications, such as hydrocodone, that frequently cause constipation by slowing gastrointestinal motility.

Warfarin

An anticoagulant that prevents blood clots by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors; it is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Albuterol

A short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) used as a bronchodilator for asthma and COPD.

Fluconazole

An antifungal medication used to treat infections such as candidiasis.

Levothyroxine

A synthetic form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism by replacing deficient hormones.

Acetaminophen

A medication used for pain and fever with a maximum adult daily dose of $4\,grams$ to avoid liver toxicity.

Sertraline

An SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) commonly used to treat depression and anxiety.

Naloxone

An opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose; also known as Narcan.

Advair Diskus

A combination medication containing fluticasone (corticosteroid) and salmeterol (long-acting beta-agonist) for asthma and COPD.

Atorvastatin

A statin medication that requires patients to avoid grapefruit because it interferes with metabolism and increases side effect risks.

Poison Prevention Packaging Act

Federal law requiring child-resistant packaging for most prescriptions to prevent accidental ingestion by children.

DEA Form 222

The form used by pharmacies to order, transfer, or return Schedule II controlled substances.

Schedule II Controlled Substances

Drugs with a high potential for abuse but accepted medical uses, such as oxycodone and fentanyl.

Schedule III-IV Refill Limit

Prescriptions that may have up to 5 refills within 6 months of the original prescription date.

Prescriber’s DEA Number

A required component for a controlled substance prescription to be considered valid.

HIPAA

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which ensures the confidentiality and protection of patient health information.

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (CMEA)

A 2005 law regulating the OTC sale of pseudoephedrine, setting purchase limits of $3.6\,grams$ per day and $9\,grams$ per 30-day period.

DEA Form 106

The form used to document and report significant theft or loss of controlled substances.

OBRA-90

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, which mandates that pharmacists offer counseling to Medicaid patients.

Schedule I Controlled Substances

Drugs with no accepted medical use in the U.S. and a high potential for abuse, such as heroin and LSD.

Durham-Humphrey Amendment

Federal law that established the legal distinction between prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.

LASA

Stands for Look-Alike, Sound-Alike; refers to medications with similar spelling or pronunciation that pose a risk for errors.

Medication Barcoding System

A technology used to ensure the correct medication is dispensed by matching the barcode on the medication to the prescription.

ISMP

The Institute for Safe Medication Practices, which provides resources and the 'Do Not Use' list to prevent medication errors.

High-Alert Medications

Medications, such as insulin and anticoagulants, that pose a higher risk of causing significant harm if used inappropriately.

Tall Man Lettering

A method of highlighting differences in look-alike, sound-alike drug names to reduce errors, such as 'predniSONE' vs. 'predniSOLONE'.

Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

A systematic quality assurance process used to identify underlying causes of a medication error to prevent recurrence.

Class I Recall

The most severe drug recall, involving medications that pose a high risk of serious health consequences or death.

Stock Rotation

The practice of placing medications with the earliest expiration dates at the front to ensure older stock is used first.

MedWatch

A program that allows healthcare professionals and patients to report adverse drug reactions and product defects to the FDA.

BID

SIG code meaning 'twice a day' (bis in die).

QID

SIG code meaning 'four times a day' (quater in die).

TID

SIG code meaning 'three times a day' (ter in die).

AC

SIG code meaning 'before meals' (ante cibum).

PC

SIG code meaning 'after meals' (post cibum).

HS

SIG code meaning 'at bedtime' (hora somni).

PRN

SIG code meaning 'as needed' (pro re nata).

PO

SIG code meaning 'by mouth' (per os).

Gtt

SIG code meaning 'drop' (guttae).

DAW

Stands for 'Dispense As Written'; indicates the pharmacist must dispense the brand-name medication and not a generic equivalent.

ODT

Stands for 'Orally Dissolved Tablet'; a tablet that dissolves on the tongue for rapid absorption.

QS

SIG code meaning 'quantity sufficient'.

Subscription

The part of the prescription that contains instructions for the pharmacist, such as how to compound or dispense the medication.

Inscription

The part of the prescription that lists the name, strength, and dosage form of the medication.

Analgesics

Relives pain and discomfort without loss of conciousness.

Opiods - Analgesics

Acts on the centeral nervous system to relive pain.

Non-Opiods - Analgesics

Reduces inflammation at the site of pain.

Opiods bind to what? - Analgesics

Binds to opiod receptors like the brain, spinal cord, and other organs.

NSAID’s

Non-Steril Antinflamitory Drug that inhibit enzyme COX (cycloocygenase) that mediate pain.

Antihypertensives manage what?

Manages blood pressure

Antihypertensives include what class?

ACE Inhibitors - Angiostensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibtiors

Antihypertensives are a potent what?

Vasoconstrictor

Beta-Blockers do what?

Reduce Blood pressure, Blocks Effects of hormones, Slows heart rate, Reduces force of heart musclecontraction, and treats Nervous system conditions of Anxiety.

Diuretics help eliminate what?

Excess salt and water through urination.

Diuretics reduce what?

Blood pressure and Swelling.

Diuretics inhibit what?

Reabsorption of Sodium and Chloride.

Diuretics act on what organ?

The Kidney’s

Loop Diuretics

Acts on Loop of the Henle in the Kidneys.

Thiazide Diuretics

Acts on distal convoluted tuble, treating hypertension and chloride.

Anti-Diabetics treat what?

Diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in the blood.

Insulins reduce or increase glucose in cells?

Reduce.

Sulfonylureas stimulate what? - Anti-Diabetics

The Panceas - to produce more more insulin

Biguanides (like Metformin)

Reduces levels of glucose produced by the liver.

Oral Hypoglycemic

Lowers high blood sugar levels.

Stains Class

Class of Lipid-Lowering Meds

Stains have what enzyme?

Enzyme HMG-CoA - Helps the liver lower cholesterol

Stains lower what?

Lowers levels of LDL cholesterol

Receptor Interation

Binds to receptors on surface of cells, Triggers/Inhibits biological responses, and Beta-Blockers inhibits beta-adrenergiv receptors to reduce heart rate.

Enzyme Inhibition

When some drugs block enzymes to prevent production of compounds, and NSAID’s inhibiting CoX enzymes to reduce inflamation.

Ion Channel Modulation

Calcium Channel blockers that regulate ion flow in-and-out of cells, and controls Vascular resistance and heart rate.

Selective Toxicity

Antibiotics that target Bacterial cells without harming human cells, and Penicillins disrupt bacterial bacterial cell walls.

Pain Relievers

Acetaminophen & Ibuprofen

Antibiotic Meds

Amoxicillin & Azithromycin

Blood Pressure Meds

Lisinopril & Amlodipine

Cholesterol Meds

Atorvastin

Beta-Blockers may cause…

Fatiuge

Beta-Blockers should be avoided in what patients?

Asthmatic Patients - Because of risking Bronchoconstriction

NSAID’s increase risk of…

Gastrointestional bleeding, especially in people with history of ulcers.

Ibuprofen brand names

Advil & Motrin

Generic Drugs are…

Less expensive

Generic drugs may differ in what ingredients?

Fillers, Dyes, or inactive ingredients.