Osmosis and Active Transport

These flashcards cover the key concepts of osmosis and active transport as discussed in the lecture notes.

Osmosis

The movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Passive transport

The process of moving substances without the use of energy; substances move from high concentration to low concentration.

Active transport

The movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient using energy from respiration.

Effects of Osmosis on Animal Cells in Pure Water

Animal cells swell and may burst when placed in pure water due to high water concentration.

Effects of Osmosis on Plant Cells in Pure Water

Plant cells become turgid (firm) when placed in pure water as they absorb water.

Effects of Osmosis on Animal Cells in Concentrated Solution

Animal cells shrink (crenation) when placed in concentrated solutions.

Effects of Osmosis on Plant Cells in Concentrated Solution

Plant cells become flaccid when placed in concentrated solutions, losing their turgidity.

Carrier proteins

Proteins in the cell membrane that help transport substances during active transport.

Examples of Active Transport

Root hair cells absorbing minerals from soil and glucose absorption in the small intestine.

Concentration gradient

The process where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.