Ch. 10: abnormal psychology

Abnormal psychology

Scientific study of mental disorders and treatment

Dms5

Diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders

Biopsychosocial approach

Explaining abnormality as a result of the interaction of biological, psychological (behavioral, cognitive), and sociocultural factors

Types of Anxiety disorders

Specific phobias, social anxiety, agoraphobia, panic disorder, gad

Types of obsessive-compulsive disorders

OCD, hoarding, excoriation (skin pulling), trichnotillomania

Types of depressive disorders

Major depressive disorder

Types of bipolar disorders

Bipolar disorder

Types of schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Schizophrenia

Types of personality disorders

Avoidant, schizoid, antisocial

Anxiety disorder

Excessive fear and anxiety

Specific phobia

Anxiety disorder based on fear of specific objects or situations

Social anxiety disorder

Fear of social performance situations where embarrassment may occur and where there is exposure to unknown people or scrutiny

Agoraphobia

Anxiety disorder from fear of being in places or situations where escape may be hard or embarrassing

Panic disorder

Anxiety disorder where someone has frequent panic attacks

Gad

Generalized anxiety disorder; global anxiety that cannot be controlled; occurs more days than not for 6 months

Ocd

Obsessive compulsive disorder; recurrent obsessions or compulsions that cause significant distress

Obsession

Intrusive thought, idea, or image causing anxiety

Compulsion

Repetitive and rigid behavior that one feels compelled to do to reduce anxiety

Depressive disorders

Presence of sad, empty, irritable mood, somatic and cognitive changes that affect ability to function

Major depressive disorder

Experienced 1 or more major depressive episodes

Major depressive episode

Intense hopelessness, low self esteem, worthlessness, fatigue, changes in eating and sleeping, can’t concentrate, no interest in family/friends/activities for 2+ weeks

Manic episode

Elevated mood, inflated self esteem, grandiose delusions, less need for sleep, constant talking, distracted, restless, poor judgement for 1+ week

Bipolar disorder

Recurrent cycles of depressive and manic episodes

Psychotic disorder

Loss of contact with reality

Hallucination

False sensory perception

Delusion

False belief

Schizophrenia

Psychotic disorder where 2+ symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, catatonic/disorganized behavior, loss of emotion) occur most of the time over a month

Vulnerability stress model

Biopsychosocial explanation of schizophrenia: genetic, prenatal, postnatal biological factors = vulnerability, environmental stress = trigger

Personality disorder

Inflexible longstanding personality traits leading to behavior that impairs social functioning and deviates from cultural norms

Lithium

Naturally occurring element that treats bipolar disorder

Antidepressants

Drugs used to treat depression

Neurogenesis theory of depression

Says that neurogenesis (growth of neurons) in the hippocampus stops during depression and resumes to lessen depression

Anti anxiety drugs

Drugs used to treat anxiety disorders

Antipsychotics

Drugs used to treat psychotic disorders

Tardive dyskinesia

Side effect of antipsychotics causing facial tics, grimaces, etc.

Ect

Electroconvulsive therapy; biomedical treatment for severe depression that induces a brief brain seizure

Tms

Transcranial magnetic stimulation; neurostimulation therapy for severe depression when other treatment didn’t help where the left frontal lobe is stimmed with magnetic pulses

Psychosurgery

Biomedical treatment where areas of the brain are destroyed

Lobotomy

Psychosurgery where the neuronal connections of the frontal lobes to lower brain Are severed

Psychoanalysis

Psychotherapy developed by freud where therapist helps someone gain insight into unconscious sources of problems

Free association

Spontaneously describing all thoughts, feelings, and images that come to mind

Resistance

Unwillingness to discuss a topic in therapy

Manifest content

Freud’s term for surface meaning of dream

Latent content

Freud’s term for underlying meaning of dream

Transference

Acting like a therapist is someone important like a parent

Client centered therapy

Psychotherapy developed by rogers where therapist uses unconditional positive regard to help someone gain insight into their true self concept

Behavioral therapy

Psychotherapy where therapist uses principles of classical operant conditioning to change one’s behavior from maladaptive to adaptive

Counterconditioning

Behavioral therapy where maladaptive response is replaced with incompatible adaptive response

Systematic desensitization

Counterconditioning exposure therapy where fear response is replaced with relaxation response in series of increasingly fear-arousing events

Virtual reality therapy

Counterconditioning exposure therapy where patient is exposed to computer simulation of fear

Flooding

Counterconditioning exposure therapy where patient is immediately exposed to fear

Cognitive therapy

Psychotherapy where therapist attempts to change thinking from maladaptive to adaptive

Rational emotive therapy

Cognitive therapy developed by beck where therapist directly confronts ones thoughts to show that they’re wrong

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Therapist develops warm relationship with person so they consider evidence for their beliefs to see errors in thinking

Spontaneous remission

Getting better with time w/o therapy