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Abnormal psychology
Scientific study of mental disorders and treatment
Dms5
Diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders
Biopsychosocial approach
Explaining abnormality as a result of the interaction of biological, psychological (behavioral, cognitive), and sociocultural factors
Types of Anxiety disorders
Specific phobias, social anxiety, agoraphobia, panic disorder, gad
Types of obsessive-compulsive disorders
OCD, hoarding, excoriation (skin pulling), trichnotillomania
Types of depressive disorders
Major depressive disorder
Types of bipolar disorders
Bipolar disorder
Types of schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Schizophrenia
Types of personality disorders
Avoidant, schizoid, antisocial
Anxiety disorder
Excessive fear and anxiety
Specific phobia
Anxiety disorder based on fear of specific objects or situations
Social anxiety disorder
Fear of social performance situations where embarrassment may occur and where there is exposure to unknown people or scrutiny
Agoraphobia
Anxiety disorder from fear of being in places or situations where escape may be hard or embarrassing
Panic disorder
Anxiety disorder where someone has frequent panic attacks
Gad
Generalized anxiety disorder; global anxiety that cannot be controlled; occurs more days than not for 6 months
Ocd
Obsessive compulsive disorder; recurrent obsessions or compulsions that cause significant distress
Obsession
Intrusive thought, idea, or image causing anxiety
Compulsion
Repetitive and rigid behavior that one feels compelled to do to reduce anxiety
Depressive disorders
Presence of sad, empty, irritable mood, somatic and cognitive changes that affect ability to function
Major depressive disorder
Experienced 1 or more major depressive episodes
Major depressive episode
Intense hopelessness, low self esteem, worthlessness, fatigue, changes in eating and sleeping, can’t concentrate, no interest in family/friends/activities for 2+ weeks
Manic episode
Elevated mood, inflated self esteem, grandiose delusions, less need for sleep, constant talking, distracted, restless, poor judgement for 1+ week
Bipolar disorder
Recurrent cycles of depressive and manic episodes
Psychotic disorder
Loss of contact with reality
Hallucination
False sensory perception
Delusion
False belief
Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder where 2+ symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, catatonic/disorganized behavior, loss of emotion) occur most of the time over a month
Vulnerability stress model
Biopsychosocial explanation of schizophrenia: genetic, prenatal, postnatal biological factors = vulnerability, environmental stress = trigger
Personality disorder
Inflexible longstanding personality traits leading to behavior that impairs social functioning and deviates from cultural norms
Lithium
Naturally occurring element that treats bipolar disorder
Antidepressants
Drugs used to treat depression
Neurogenesis theory of depression
Says that neurogenesis (growth of neurons) in the hippocampus stops during depression and resumes to lessen depression
Anti anxiety drugs
Drugs used to treat anxiety disorders
Antipsychotics
Drugs used to treat psychotic disorders
Tardive dyskinesia
Side effect of antipsychotics causing facial tics, grimaces, etc.
Ect
Electroconvulsive therapy; biomedical treatment for severe depression that induces a brief brain seizure
Tms
Transcranial magnetic stimulation; neurostimulation therapy for severe depression when other treatment didn’t help where the left frontal lobe is stimmed with magnetic pulses
Psychosurgery
Biomedical treatment where areas of the brain are destroyed
Lobotomy
Psychosurgery where the neuronal connections of the frontal lobes to lower brain Are severed
Psychoanalysis
Psychotherapy developed by freud where therapist helps someone gain insight into unconscious sources of problems
Free association
Spontaneously describing all thoughts, feelings, and images that come to mind
Resistance
Unwillingness to discuss a topic in therapy
Manifest content
Freud’s term for surface meaning of dream
Latent content
Freud’s term for underlying meaning of dream
Transference
Acting like a therapist is someone important like a parent
Client centered therapy
Psychotherapy developed by rogers where therapist uses unconditional positive regard to help someone gain insight into their true self concept
Behavioral therapy
Psychotherapy where therapist uses principles of classical operant conditioning to change one’s behavior from maladaptive to adaptive
Counterconditioning
Behavioral therapy where maladaptive response is replaced with incompatible adaptive response
Systematic desensitization
Counterconditioning exposure therapy where fear response is replaced with relaxation response in series of increasingly fear-arousing events
Virtual reality therapy
Counterconditioning exposure therapy where patient is exposed to computer simulation of fear
Flooding
Counterconditioning exposure therapy where patient is immediately exposed to fear
Cognitive therapy
Psychotherapy where therapist attempts to change thinking from maladaptive to adaptive
Rational emotive therapy
Cognitive therapy developed by beck where therapist directly confronts ones thoughts to show that they’re wrong
Beck’s cognitive therapy
Therapist develops warm relationship with person so they consider evidence for their beliefs to see errors in thinking
Spontaneous remission
Getting better with time w/o therapy