Hand & Wrist
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63 Terms
How many carpal bones are there?
8
How are the carpal bones arranged?
In two rows of four.
How many metacarpals are there?
5
How are the metacarpals numbered?
1 = thumb, 5 = little finger.
How many phalanges are there in the hand?
14
What are the three types of phalanges?
Proximal, middle and distal.
Which digit has no middle phalanx?
The thumb
What are the eight carpal bones?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.
What is the mnemonic given for the carpal bones?
“Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle…”
What forms the floor and medial/lateral walls of the carpal tunnel?
The carpal bones.
What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?
The transverse carpal ligament.
What is another name for the transverse carpal ligament?
Flexor retinaculum.
What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
The median nerve
How many metacarpals are there?
Five
What are the three main parts of a metacarpal?
Base, shaft and head.
What does the base of a metacarpal articulate with?
The carpals.
What does the head of a metacarpal articulate with?
The phalanges.
Which metacarpal belongs to the thumb?
Metacarpal I (1st metacarpal).
Which metacarpal belongs to the little finger?
Metacarpal V.
What type of bones may be suspended within the tendons of the hand?
Sesamoid bones
What is a boxer’s fracture?
A fracture commonly involving the 4th or 5th metacarpal.
What usually causes a boxer’s fracture in the lecture?
A hook punch.
Why are the 4th and 5th metacarpals particularly vulnerable?
They are weaker and less well supported.
What are the three types of phalanx?
Proximal, middle and distal.
What are the three main features of a proximal and middle phalanx?
Base, shaft and head.
What are the three main features of a distal phalanx?
Base, shaft and tubercle.
Why is the wrist considered a complex joint?
It involves the distal radioulnar, radiocarpal and intercarpal joints.
What bones/structures form the radiocarpal joint?
Distal radius, ulnar fibrocartilaginous disc, and scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum.
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
A synovial condyloid joint
What movements occur at the radiocarpal joint?
Flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation and circumduction.
What is the function of the intercarpal joints?
They augment the range of wrist movement.
What are midcarpal joints?
Joints between the proximal and distal rows of carpals.
What type of joint are the midcarpal joints?
Synovial condyloid joints.
What type of joint are the intercarpal joints between carpals in the same row?
Plane synovial joints.
Give an example of an intercarpal joint within the same row.
The joint between the scaphoid and lunate.
How many major ligaments are described as strengthening the wrist joint?
6
Where does the radial collateral ligament run?
From the radial styloid to the tubercle of the scaphoid
Where does the ulnar collateral ligament run?
From the ulnar styloid to the triquetrum.
What is the function of the palmar ulnocarpal ligament?
It strengthens the joint capsule.
Where does the palmar radiocarpal ligament run?
From the radius to both rows of carpal bones.
What happens to the hand during forearm supination according to the palmar radiocarpal ligament?
The hand follows the radius.
Where does the dorsal ulnocarpal ligament run?
From the ulna to the triquetrum
Where does the dorsal radiocarpal ligament run?
From the radius to both rows of carpals.
What happens to the hand during pronation according to the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?
The hand follows the radius.
Why can the thumb perform a wide range of movements?
Its carpometacarpal joint is a synovial saddle joint.
What type of joint is the thumb CMC joint?
Synovial saddle joint.
Which thumb joint is most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
The carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.
Why is the thumb CMC joint prone to osteoarthritis?
Large loading pressures act over a relatively small joint surface.
What type of joint is the thumb MCP joint?
Synovial hinge joint.
What type of joint is the thumb interphalangeal joint?
Synovial hinge joint.
How many interphalangeal joints does the thumb have?
1
What are PIP joints?
Proximal interphalangeal joints.
What are DIP joints?
Distal interphalangeal joints.
What type of joints are the PIP and DIP joints?
Synovial hinge joints.
What movements occur at the PIP and DIP joints?
Flexion and extension.
What are MCP joints?
Metacarpophalangeal joints, commonly called the knuckles.
What type of joint are the MCP joints of digits 2–5?
Synovial condyloid joints.
What movements occur at the MCP joints?
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction.
What type of joints are the CMC joints of digits 2–5?
Plane synovial joints.
What happens to the finger joints when you make a fist?
The MCP, PIP and DIP joints are flexed.
What happens to the finger joints when you fully open your hand?
The MCP, PIP and DIP joints are extended.
What is abduction of the digits?
Spreading the fingers apart
What is adduction of the digits?
Bringing the fingers back together towards the middle finger.