Anatomy and physiology Mcgraw Hill Exam 1

What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?

A Hydrogen Bond

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of __________.

Positive Feedback

Which of the following gives a cell structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through a cell?

The Cytoskeleton

__________ differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass

Isotopes

The sternum (breastbone) is __________ to the vertebral column.

Anterior

Three common components of a feedback loop are _________, __________, and __________.

receptor, integrating (control) center, effector

Which of these is an example of active transport?

Transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. This means the concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid, and will cause the cell to ______________.

higher, shrink

Chemicals in a solution can move down a concentration gradient. This means the chemical will move from the area of __________ concentration to the area of _________ concentration.

high, low

During exercise, one generates excess heat and the body temperature rises. As a response, blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and heat is lost. This is an example of __________.

Negative Feedback

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?

Protein Synthesis

The study of how the body functions is called __________.

physiology

The plasma membrane is mostly made of molecules that have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. These molecules are called _________.

Phospholipids

A surgeon needs to be familiar with different versions of anatomy. This is because of the phenomenon of _____.

Anatomical Variation

Cytokinesis overlaps with which phase of mitosis?

Telophase

Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has __________.

12 neutrons and 11 protons

The fluid outside of a cell is called __________.

extracellular fluid

The term _____________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others

Selectively permeable

Metabolism is the sum of all __________ __________ change.

Internal, chemical

Cells undergo division when which of the following conditions have been met?

They have grown large enough and replicated their DNA

T/F The frontal plane passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left portions

False

__________ provide motility to a sperm cell, __________ act as sensory "antennae" in many cells, and ____________ increase a cell's surface area.

Flagella, cilia, microvilli

Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called __________; using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called __________.

Transcription, Translation

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have?

6

DNA polymerase is most active during which phase of the cell cycle?

S phase

Which of the following is not found in RNA?

Thymine

The surface of the heart is formed by a membrane called the __________.

Visceral Pericardium

An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are microscopic structures in a cell.

organ, organelle

What is all of the DNA in a set of 23 chromosomes referred to as?

Genome

The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the __________ structure of the protein.

Tertiary

The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is __________.

Metaphase

_________________ are the simplest body structures considered alive

cells

Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will ____________, while Cl will ____________.

Give up one electron, accept one electron

The __________ and __________ systems control and coordinate every cell in a human.

Endocrine, nervous

T/F The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic

False

Proteins that do not protrude into the phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to the surface of the plasma membrane, are called __________.

Peripheral proteins

Which of the following is not one of the three basic components of a cell?

Interstitial Fluid

Transcription occurs in the __________, but most translation occurs in the __________.

Nucleus, Cytoplasm

Which one of the following is not in the correct anatomical position?

Palms Facing Hips

A __________ is composed of a granular cluster of eight proteins called __________ with DNA wound around them.

nucleosome, histones

The study of the structure and function of cells is called ___________.

Cytology

T/F ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage.

False

We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable. This is called __________.

Homeostasis

An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________.

Active site

Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

Organ system, organ, Tissue, cell, organelle

_____________ is the process in which ____________ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts between capillary cells.

Filtration, hydrostatic pressure

T/F The liver is proximal to the diaphragm.

False