Food-Service Exam 3

What is the purpose of a Resume?

To summarize education, work history, credentials, and other accomplishments/skills.

What is the purpose of a Cover Letter?

To be the "middleman" or connector between the resume and job. (Introduces yourself before the resume)

What is the difference between a Resume and a Cirriculum Vitae?

The primary differences are Length, what is included, and what each is used for.

Resume - has a short summary of education/work history, typically 1 page. Used for applying to a typical job.

CV - has a long summary of experience/skills and is at least two pages. Used for applying to international/medical/academic positions.

What is a Job Specification?

A list of requirements for a specific job that can be evaluated objectively and apply's to all candidates.

What is a Job Description?

A listing of general duties related to a job or job classification

What is a Job Analysis?

A detailed description of the daily duties to be carried out in a specific job. (Has duties listed in time intervals)

What are the benefits of training employees?

Increased Job satisfaction, increased productivity, reduced employee turnover, customer satisfaction, development for growth.

What is on the Job Training?

When an employee learns through actual experience.

Advantages - immediate feedback/swift remediation

Disadvantages - disrupt workflow/slows production

What is Job Mentoring?

When an employee has an experienced coach to oversee their learning process.

Advantages - one-on-one training/advice from mentor.

Disadvantages - mentor pairing might not be great/workflow disrupted.

What is Job Rotation?

When an employee rotates through different jobs over time.

Advantages - increases skills/hones in on employee's interest.

Disadvantages - disrupts workflow/employee may not like new rotation = lower morale.

What is the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)?

Provides minimum wage and overtime pay standards, restricts hours for workers under 16, and jobs for workers under 18. (Administered by the Employment Standards Administration Division in the US Department of Labor)

What are the three learning styles?

Listening learners, Seeing learners, and experience learners.

What is the Rule of 3?

People tend to only remember 3 things at a time

What are the AIM Steps?

Analyze your audience (who)

Incorporate learning style strategies (how)

Make it meaningful (what)

What should be included in an in-service presentation?

An opening, a body, and a closing. Have three key points. Use visual aids, Tell Stories, Make it fun.

Why is Feedback important?

It determines effectiveness of employees, enforces accountability, tracks staff knowledge, and identify's training needs.

How can you receive feedback?

Verbal, Written, or non-verbal.

What is the purpose of a budget?

To Plan funds for the future, organize the business plan in financial terms, and have managers plan for decision making, setting priorities, and establishing objectives.

What are the benefits of a budget?

Establishes specific goals, evaluates past activities, helps forecast available revenue, identifies problems, and measures results

What is a Capital Budget?

Expenses or investments that are large in nature. (A new plant or equipment).

What is an Operating Budget?

Revenues/expenses surrounding the day to day operation. (Items sold, products used)

What are the parts of an Operating Budget?

Revenue Budget - Forecasts sales revenue/expenditures.

Expense Budget - Track purchases and limits operating cost.

Labor Budget - (Largest) tracks pay for workers

Material Budget - Project cost of raw material used for product

Overhead Budget - Shows the expected cost of all production (renting space/repairs)

What influences Budgeting?

Historical trends, Federal/State subsidies, Operational/Program changes, Increased/Decreased Program cost, Changes in meal pricing,

What are the methods of Budgeting?

Top down - Budgets are made by top management and imposed on lower levels (can be unrealistic).

Bottom up - Middle managers prepare budgets and forward them up the chain of command. (more accurate).

Incremental - Based on previous years budget. (adjusts for inflation/losses).

Zero Based - Eliminates wasteful practices. (everything must be justified).

What is a fixed cost?

A cost that generally stays the same. Ex. Insurance, Rent, Salary

What is a variable cost?

A cost that changes depending on sales. Ex. Labor cost, Advertising, Taxes.

How can we decrease the labor and food budget?

We can buy lower cost products, buy more pre-packaged/bulk items. ex. Buy frozen fruit/veg instead of fresh. To lower labor cost we can reduce hours, or buy pre-cut items.

How do we calculate expected sales income?

Expected sales x the selling price

ex. 300 meals x $5 each = $1500

How do we calculate cost to revenue percentages?

Costs / total revenue = % of cost to revenue.

food cost % = cost of food/revenue

labor cost % = cost of labor/revenue

What are ways we can increase revenue?

Increase customers, add seating, extend hours, and make a creative menu.

How do we calculate a full-time equivalent (FTE)?

One FTE = 40 hours per week, it can be used to determine the number of workers needed.

ex. How many FTE do you have with 2 FT employees and 2 PT (24 hr/wk) - 40+40+24+24 = 128hr/40hr = 3.2 FTEs

What are the 4 p's of marketing?

Product, Place, Price, and Promotion

What is the difference between a retailer and a wholesaler?

Retailer - Sells products directly to end user

Wholesaler - Buys product from producer then sells it to the retailer who then sells it to the end user.

How can you promote a product?

You can use Coupons, ads, contest/specials, word of mouth, personal selling.