Term 2 drugs

Methimazole

Which drug is an enzyme inhibitor and is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

I-131 (radioactive isotope of iodine)

Which drug destroys active glandular cells and is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

Levothyroxine

Which drug is used to treat hypothyroidism by substitution therapy?

Peroglide

Which drug is used to treat PPID by restoring physiologic regulation in horses?

insulin. Velagliflozin

Which diabetic drug is used for substitution therapy and which is used as a transport inhibitor?

DOCP and Fludrocortisone

Which drugs are used to treat hypoadrenocorticism by substitution therapy?

Trilostane

Which drug is an enzyme inhibitor and is used to treat hyperadrenocorticism?

Mitotane

Which drug is used to treat hyperadrenocorticism by destroying active glandular cells?

Acetazamide

Which drug, in eyedrop form, will target carbonic anhydrase in the eye and is used to treat glaucoma?

alkaline. acidic

When acetazolamide is used, it can cause the urine to become more (acidic/alkaline) and the ECF to become more (acidic/alkaline)?

Acetazolamide

Which drug can lead to calcium caliculi formation?

Mannitol

Which drug will pull water out of cells into the ECF and to the blood? It is often used in edema?

Mannitol

Which drug needs to be injected to work as an osmotic diuretic?

Furosemide

Which drug blocks the NKCC co-transport in the ascending limb of henle?

Heart failure, cardiac, hepatic, or renal edema

When would Furosemide be used?

furosemide

Which drug could cause hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalemia?

NSAIDs

Which group of drugs inhibit the diuretic effects of furosemide?

inc filtrate sodium leads to increased sodium apical passive diffusion in the distal nephron. This causes inc lumen negative potential →inc excretion of K+ to fix negative lumen.

Why do loop diuretics often lead to hypokalemia?

NA-Cl symport and in the early part of the distal tubule

What transport is targeted by chlorothiazide and where is it located in the nephron?

Chlorothiazide

Which drug is used for cardiac, renal, or hepatic edema and management of early stages of CHF?

Chlorothiazide

Which diuretic is contraindicated in patients with severe renal disease and electrolyte imbalances. This drug can also lead to hepatic dysfunction.

Spironolactone

Which drug is an aldosterone inhibitor?

Canrenone

What active metabolite will extend spironolactones effects?

spironolactone

Which drug can lead to hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?

Phenylpropanolamine

Which drug is used to treat urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI)?

Estriol

Which drug can increase sensitivity to alpha-adrenergoc receptors but shouldn’t be used in cats due to negligible effects?

Testosterone

Which drug can be used to treat USMI but can cause behavior changes, perianal adenomas, and prostatic hyperplasia?

Oxybutinin

Which drug is a parasympatholytic and causes the detrusor muscle to relax, relieving pressure

Oxybutinin

Which drug is used to treat detrusor instability?

Bethanechol

Which drug is used to treat detrusor atony?

Bethanechol

Which drug is a parasympathomimetic and can cause the bladder to constrict ?

Bethanechol

Which drug is contraindicated in patients with untreated urethral obstruction or questionable bladder wall integrity?

Prazosine

Which drug is a alpha 1 antagonist and is used to treat functional outflow obstruction (FOO)?

Fenbendazol

What drug is often used to combat pearsonema infection?

Histamine 2 receptor antagonists

Cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine are anti-ulcer drugs that do what?

inc cAMP pathway of the HK ATP ase pump inceasing HCl

Histamine 2 receptor does what when bound with histamine?

Histamine 2 receptor antagonists

The majority of these drugs are safe, but can inhibit the action of CYP450 by increasing gastric pH and decreasing the absorption of drugs that require a low pH to be absorbed. Which drug group is this?

Cimetidine

Which anti-ulcer drug strengthens gastric mucosal defenses and enhances cytoprotection?

Ranitidine

Which anti-ulcer drug stimulates motility and increases gastric emptying and colonic motility?

Proton pump inhibitors

What drug group are omeprazole and pantoprazole?

Cancer and NSAID induced ulcers. Stress or NSAID induced ulcers

What are the indicators of use for proton pump inhibitors in dogs? in horses?

Cats

Which species experience rebound hyper-secretion of acid after chronic administration of proton pump inhibitors?

Proton pump inhibitors

What drug group will often see small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as a side effect?

Sucralfate

Which drug is beneficial for treatment of gastric ulcers but there is no evidence that it is effective at preventing them?

sucralfate

Which drug has adverse effects such as reduced absorption of other drugs and constipation?

Misoprostol

Which drug is used in combination with NSAID therapy by replenishing prostaglandin pathways?

Misoprostol

Which anti ulcer drug has adverse effects such as abdominal discomfort, cramping, diarrhea, and abortion.

Misoprostol

Which drug should not be handled by pregnant personnel?

Aluminum hydroxide

Which drug is used to treat gastric ulcers, esophagitis or gastritis?

Bismuth

Which drug is cytoprotective and has anti-endotoxic properties?

Apomorphine

Which drug is a powerful emetic to use if a dog must vomit ASAP due to intoxication?

dopamine receptors

What receptor will apomorphine bind to to induce emesis on the CRTZ ?

Ropinirole

What is another dopamine agonist drug other than apomorphine that induces emesis in dogs within 30 min?

Ropinirole

What drug could have ocular discharge and protrusion of third eyelid as a adverse effect?

Xylazine and dexmedetomidine

What alpha agonist drugs are effective emetics in cats?

sedation

After the cat has been administered xylazine and vomits, what most likely will happen to the cat next?

glossopharyngeal (lX)

What cranial nerve is stimulated when a patient is given 3% hydrogen peroxide to induce vomiting?

aspiration pneumonia

What is an adverse effect of administering hydrogen peroxide?

Acepromazine

Which drug is a anti-emetic dopamine and alpha antagonist and can have adverse effects such as : sedation/ altered movements, and vasodilation?

Atropine

Which drug is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that can be an anti-emetic. Adverse effects are: dry mouth, decreased stomach emptying, urine retention, and constipation?

Vestibular stimulation and CRTZ stimulation cases

When would atropine be used as an anti-emetic?

Diphenhydramine

Which anti-emetic drug is a histamine receptor antagonist?

Diphenhydramine

Which anti-emetic drug could cross the BBB and cause sedation?

Metoclopramide

which anti-emetic drug is a dopamine antagonist and serotonin inhibitor and is used to halt vomiting due to gastrointestinal disease?

Metoclopramide

What anti-emetic drug can cause excitement and other behavioral changes in patients?

Ondansetron

Which anti-emetic drug is a serotonin antagonist and is used during cancer chemotherapy, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease?

Ondansetron

What anti-emetic drug usually doesn’t have adverse effects, but when they do appear they can take the form as constipation, sleepiness, or head shaking?

Maropitant

Which anti-emetic drug is a NK1 antagonist and has a good safety profile?

Bethanechol

Which muscarinic agonist is used to increase the motility of the ileocecocolic region in cattle, increase gastric and cecal emptying and post operative ileus in horses and gastro-esophageal reflux in foals?

Bethanechol

Which drug has common adverse effects such as abdominal cramps, salivation, bradycardia and diarrhea due to increased gut motility?

Erythromycin

Which drug is a motilin receptor agonist and stimulates the pyloric antrum and smooth muscels of the proximal small intestine?

Erythromycin

Which drug (also antibiotic) can cause severe diarrhea in horses if given to fast or to much?

Neostigmine or Ranitidine

Which drugs are acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors used in cecum and colon impactions?

Metoclopramide

Which drug is also a prokinetic drug is used to increase gastric emptying in pigs and sheep, increase sphincter tone, stimulate duodenum motility in horses, and increase rumen motility and functional stenosis in ruminants?

Metoclopramide

Which drug is a sertonin 4 agonist, serotonin 3 antagonist and dopamine antagonist?

Metoclopramide

Which prokinetic drug has adverse effects like restlessness, sedation, yawning, excitement, and collapse. It could also increase prolactin and aldosterone concentrations?

Domperidone

Which dopamine antagonist drug has similar indications as metoclopramide but doesn’t cross the blood brain barrier. This drugs adverse effects also increase aldosterone and prolactin concentrations.

Cisapride

What serotinin 4 agonist increases stomach motility and emptying in cats and dogs. Increases motility of small intestine and colon in horses, dogs, cats and pet pigs?

Cisapride

Which serotonin 4 agonist drug can cause abdominal discomfort and can interfere with mycardial potassium influx leading to cardiac arrhythmias?

N- butylscopolammonium

Which acetylcholine antagonist relaxes smooth muscles in the GI tract, is a spasmolytic, and facilitates rectal palpation in horses?

N-butylscopolammonium

Which drug is very short living and works well in horses with abdominal cramps?

Ioperamide

Which drug is a opioid agonist used to treat diarrhea by reducing contractility?